Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction, while a theory is a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 3

Which domain of life includes extremophiles, organisms that can survive in boiling hot springs?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of a scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It must be falsifiable.

Question 5

In a controlled experiment testing a new drug, what is the best example of a control group?

Accepted Answer

Mice injected with saline solution only

Question 6

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 7

If an atom of carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 12, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 9

Which type of chemical bond is the weakest?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 10

A chemical reaction that releases energy when products are produced is called:

Accepted Answer

Exergonic

Question 11

If a solution has a pH of 3, how does its hydrogen ion concentration compare to a solution with a pH of 6?

Accepted Answer

It is 1000 times greater

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain a constant pH by accepting or donating H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 13

Which structure in the first image represents a nucleotide? How can you recognize it?

Accepted Answer

The structure with a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 14

Which structure in the second image represents a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

The structure with a repeating chain of glucose units (bottom right)

Question 15

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

The fatty acid tails

Question 16

Which chemical group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-\mathrm{COOH})$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, diverse molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 18

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for information storage and processing in cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 19

What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Joining monomers to form polymers by removing water

Biology Unit 1 Study Guide: Chemistry & Molecules of Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions