Question 1

Which of the following best supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain circular DNA and have double membranes similar to certain bacteria.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which of the following is a disadvantage of cellular compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It requires more ATP for active transport of materials between compartments.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of water potential ($$\Psi) in $$plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional lysosomes. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy (recycling of organelles)

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, facilitating efficient exchange of materials.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins are only found on the exterior surface of the membrane.

Question 11

Which transport mechanism requires energy input from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 12

A plant cell with a solute potential ($$\Psi_s) of$$ $$-2.5$$ bars and a pressure potential ($$\Psi_p) of$$ $$1.0$$ bar is placed in pure water. What is its water potential ($$\Psi$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$-1.5$$ bars

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, maintaining electrochemical gradients.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a red blood cell via a membrane protein.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria have highly folded inner membranes?

Accepted Answer

To provide more surface area for enzymes involved in ATP synthesis

Question 17

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA enclosed in a nucleus.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It maintains membrane fluidity by preventing tight packing at low temperatures and restraining movement at high temperatures.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a cell wall, plasmodesmata, and chloroplasts. Which structure is NOT present in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following best explains how the mechanisms for transport across membranes support energy conservation in cells?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport allows cells to move substances without using ATP, conserving energy for other cellular processes.

Cell Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards