Question 1

Which of the following structures is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells, and is responsible for storing water, pigments, and waste products?

Accepted Answer

Large central vacuole

Question 2

A scientist stains a cell with a dye that binds specifically to DNA. After treating the cell with DNase, the stain is no longer visible. What does this result demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

The stain was binding to DNA

Question 3

Which microscope would be most appropriate for viewing the surface details of a virus particle at very high magnification?

Accepted Answer

Electron scanning microscope

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between diffusion and active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion moves molecules down their concentration gradient, while active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 5

In an experiment, dialysis tubing filled with starch and glucose is placed in a beaker of water. After several hours, Lugol’s iodine is added to the water and Benedict’s reagent is used to test both the water and the tubing contents. Which result would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Only glucose is found in the water; starch remains inside the tubing.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why NH$$_3$$ gas diffuses faster than HCl gas in the glass tube experiment?

Accepted Answer

NH$$_3$$ has a lower molecular weight than HCl.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reaction that occurs when ammonia and hydrochloric acid gases meet in the diffusion tube?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NH_3 + HCl \rightarrow NH_4Cl}$$

Question 8

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell as water enters, but the cell wall prevents bursting.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the water potential ($$\Psi) of $$pure water at standard temperature and pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = 0$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 11

Why do plant cells lack lysosomes and centrioles, while animal cells contain them?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have alternative structures for digestion and division, such as vacuoles and microtubule organizing centers.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a protein channel

Question 13

A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a nucleoid region, circular DNA, and no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules?

Accepted Answer

Smaller molecules have less mass and can move more rapidly at a given temperature.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleoid region

Question 16

A dialysis tubing experiment is set up with starch and glucose inside the tubing and water outside. After several hours, which test would you use to confirm the presence of glucose outside the tubing?

Accepted Answer

Benedict’s reagent

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through cellular respiration

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why plant cells prefer a hypotonic environment?

Accepted Answer

It maintains turgor pressure, keeping the plant rigid.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cell wall?

Accepted Answer

It is rigid and surrounds the plasma membrane in plant cells.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of cytochemical staining in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

It allows visualization of specific cell components by using targeted dyes and enzymes.

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells, Membrane Transport, and Diffusion/Osmosis

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