Question 1

Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell with the following characteristics: DNA in a membrane-bound compartment, presence of mitochondria, and ribosomes attached to internal membranes. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why most cells are microscopic in size?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient material exchange

Question 4

A yeast cell is approximated as a sphere with a diameter of $$4 \, \mu m. $$What is the surface area of the cell? (Use $$A = 4 \pi r^2$ and $$\pi \approx 3.14$$)

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi (2^2$) = 4 \pi (4) = 16 \pi \approx 50.24 \, \mu m^2$

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 6

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They have a double membrane, with the inner membrane folded into cristae to increase surface area for energy production.

Question 7

A mutation prevents the formation of microvilli in intestinal cells. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 9

Which structure is responsible for the movement of a typical rod-shaped bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the cytosol and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol is the aqueous fluid, while cytoplasm includes the cytosol, organelles, and cytoskeleton (excluding the nucleus).

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP generation

Question 12

A plant cell is observed to have a large central vacuole. Which of the following is NOT a function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of macromolecules

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a double membrane with pores and is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. Which organelle is this?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for protein synthesis and can be free in the cytosol or bound to the rough ER.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the centrosome in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of microtubule formation

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells and is involved in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 20

A mutation disrupts the function of peroxisomes in a cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water

Eukaryotic Cells: Structure, Function, and Compartmentalization

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards