Q: Which of the following equations best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for an ion?

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To coordinate and integrate sensory input, integration, and motor output.

Question 2

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 3

During an action potential, what is the main cause of depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Influx of sodium ions ($$Na^+)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 5

A patient is unable to form new memories after a brain injury. Which part of the brain is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen to tissues.

Question 7

Which cell type is primarily responsible for the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between a primary and secondary immune response?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and stronger due to memory cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Skin acting as a physical barrier to pathogens.

Question 10

A person receives a flu vaccine. Which type of immunity is primarily being stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Active acquired immunity

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of neurotransmitters at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

They transmit signals across the synaptic cleft to the next neuron.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 13

Which immune cell is most directly responsible for killing virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of voluntary muscle movements and balance

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between innate and acquired immunity?

Accepted Answer

Acquired immunity involves memory cells for faster future responses.

Question 17

A person is exposed to a pathogen for the first time and develops symptoms after several days. Which immune response is primarily responsible for the delay?

Accepted Answer

Primary acquired immune response

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of phagocytic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They engulf and digest pathogens and debris.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why vaccines are effective in preventing disease?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the production of memory cells for a faster secondary response.

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