Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why Archaea and Bacteria are both classified as prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Both lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

A scientist isolates a cell with the following characteristics: no nucleus, a cell wall, and a size of 2 μm. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Bacterium

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the glycocalyx in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring the outer membrane to peptidoglycan

Question 4

Gram-positive bacteria differ from gram-negative bacteria in that gram-positive bacteria have:

Accepted Answer

A thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane

Question 5

Which structure is responsible for motility in prokaryotic cells during chemotaxis?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 6

A bacterial cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo plasmolysis as water leaves the cytoplasm.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of bacterial conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Direct transfer of DNA from donor to recipient cell via a pilus

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella?

Accepted Answer

Tubulin

Question 9

Which of the following environmental classifications best describes an organism that thrives at 110°C and does not require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthermophile & Obligate Anaerobe

Question 10

Which of the following statements about plasmids is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids are essential for bacterial survival.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a chemoheterotroph?

Accepted Answer

Uses preformed organic molecules as both energy and carbon sources.

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement about biofilms?

Accepted Answer

Biofilms are complex communities of microbes encased in a polysaccharide matrix attached to a surface.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a type of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transamination

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of peptidoglycan in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides semi-rigid structural support to the cell wall.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of exotoxins?

Accepted Answer

They are soluble proteins released by pathogens during infection.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of pili in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic resistance

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the F plasmid in bacterial conjugation?

Accepted Answer

It encodes genes required for the formation of the sex pilus and DNA transfer.

Question 18

Which of the following is a virulence factor that allows a bacterium to evade the host immune system?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an obligate aerobe?

Accepted Answer

An organism that requires oxygen for metabolism.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of water across a cell membrane due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

From hypotonic to hypertonic solution

Prokaryotes: Structure, Diversity, and Metabolism

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