Question 1

Which property of water allows the spider in the image to walk on the surface of a pond without sinking?

Accepted Answer

Water's high surface tension due to cohesion

Question 2

In the process of water transport in plants, which two properties of water are primarily responsible for moving water from roots to leaves against gravity?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion

Question 3

Why do coastal cities like Los Angeles and San Diego have milder temperatures compared to inland cities like Riverside and Palm Springs, as shown in the temperature map?

Accepted Answer

Water's high specific heat moderates temperature changes

Question 4

A protein dissolves in water because it contains regions that are:

Accepted Answer

Ionic and polar, allowing interaction with water molecules

Question 5

The presence of dark streaks on Martian slopes is considered evidence for which property of water?

Accepted Answer

The possible presence of liquid water, which is essential for life

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice keep water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense

Question 7

What is the molarity (M) of a solution containing 0.5 moles of NaCl dissolved in 1 liter of water?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentrations in pure water at 25ºC?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+][OH^-] = 10$$^{-14}$$

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-4}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 10

If the pH of a solution changes from 6 to 4, how does the hydrogen ion concentration change?

Accepted Answer

It increases by 100 times

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a buffer?

Accepted Answer

A substance that minimizes changes in concentrations of $$H^+$$ and $$OH^-$$

Question 12

Ocean acidification is primarily caused by which process?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of atmospheric $$CO_2 by $$seawater, forming carbonic acid

Question 13

Why is ocean acidification a threat to coral reefs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases carbonate ion concentration, making calcification difficult

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the four emergent properties of water that are important for life?

Accepted Answer

High density as a solid

Question 15

A hydrophobic molecule placed in water will:

Accepted Answer

Aggregate together and avoid contact with water

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why sweating cools the human body?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation of sweat absorbs heat from the body due to water's high heat of vaporization

Question 17

If a solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 10$$^{-9}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$, what is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 9$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids increase the concentration of $$H^+ in a $$solution

Question 19

Which property of water is most important for fish survival in a frozen lake during winter?

Accepted Answer

Water's expansion upon freezing, making ice less dense than liquid water

Question 20

A solution contains 0.1 moles of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in 0.5 liters of water. What is the molarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$0.2\ \mathrm{M}$$

Chapter 3: Water and Life: Properties, Structure, and Biological Importance

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