Textbook Question
Complete the following concept map to test your knowledge of gene regulation.
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Ch. 11 How Genes Are Controlled
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Biology: The Study of Scientific Life19
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Basis of Life17
- Ch. 3 The Molecules of Cells21
- Ch. 4 A Tour of the Cell20
- Ch. 5 The Working Cell17
- Ch. 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy18
- Ch. 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food15
- Ch. 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance22
- Ch. 9 Patterns of Inheritance17
- Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene13
- Ch. 11 How Genes Are Controlled13
- Ch. 12 DNA Technology and Genomics23
- Ch. 13 How Populations Evolve17
- Ch. 14 The Origin of Species19
- Ch. 15 Tracing Evolutionary History18
- Ch. 16 Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists16
- Ch. 17 The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity15
- Ch. 18 The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity13
- Ch. 19 The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity18
- Ch. 20 Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function11
- Ch. 21 Nutrition and Digestion16
- Ch. 22 Gas Exchange16
- Ch. 23 Circulation17
- Ch. 24 The Immune System16
- Ch. 25 Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance20
- Ch. 26 Hormones and the Endocrine System10
- Ch. 27 Reproduction and Embryonic Development12
- Ch. 28 Nervous Systems10
- Ch. 29 The Senses12
- Ch. 30 How Animals Move19
- Ch. 31 Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction9
- Ch. 32 Plant Nutrition and Transport12
- Ch. 33 Control Systems in Plants15
- Ch. 34 The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth's Diverse Environments15
- Ch. 35 Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment12
- Ch. 36 Population Ecology15
- Ch. 37 Communities and Ecosystems14
- Ch. 38 Conservation Biology14
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 11, Problem 2
Which of the following methods of gene regulation do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?
a. Elaborate packing of DNA in chromosomes
b. Activator and repressor proteins, which attach to DNA
c. The addition of a cap and tail to mRNA after transcription
d. Lac and trp operons
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that the question is asking about similarities in gene regulation between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This means we need to identify a regulatory mechanism that is shared by both types of organisms.
Analyze each option: Option (a) refers to the elaborate packing of DNA in chromosomes, which is specific to eukaryotes due to their chromatin structure and histone proteins. Prokaryotes do not have this level of DNA packaging.
Option (b) mentions activator and repressor proteins, which are regulatory proteins that bind to DNA to either promote or inhibit transcription. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes use these proteins in gene regulation, making this a shared mechanism.
Option (c) involves the addition of a cap and tail to mRNA after transcription, which is a process unique to eukaryotes. Prokaryotes do not modify their mRNA in this way.
Option (d) refers to lac and trp operons, which are specific examples of gene regulation in prokaryotes. Eukaryotes do not use operons for gene regulation. Therefore, the correct answer is option (b), as it is the only mechanism shared by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Gene Regulation
Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms that control the expression of genes, determining when and how much of a gene product is made. In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, gene regulation is essential for responding to environmental changes and maintaining cellular functions. This process can involve various elements, including transcription factors, enhancers, and silencers, which interact with DNA to modulate gene activity.
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06:40
Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression
Transcription Factors
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes. They can act as activators, enhancing gene expression, or repressors, inhibiting it. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes utilize these proteins to respond to internal and external signals, making them a common feature in gene regulation across different organisms.
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03:32Introduction to Transcription Factors
Operons
Operons are a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter, commonly found in prokaryotes. They allow for coordinated regulation of genes that encode proteins with related functions, such as the lac and trp operons in E. coli. While eukaryotes do not have operons in the same way, they can achieve similar regulatory outcomes through complex interactions of transcription factors and regulatory elements.
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06:24Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon
Related Practice
Textbook Question
A homeotic gene does which of the following?
a. It serves as the ultimate control for prokaryotic operons.
b. It regulates the expression of groups of other genes during development.
c. It represses the histone proteins in eukaryotic chromosomes.
d. It helps splice mRNA after transcription.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following is a valid difference between embryonic stem cells and the stem cells found in adult tissues?
a. In laboratory culture, only adult stem cells are immortal.
b. In nature, only embryonic stem cells give rise to all the different types of cells in the organism.
c. Only adult stem cells can differentiate in culture.
d. Embryonic stem cells are generally more difficult to grow in culture than adult stem cells.
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Textbook Question
The control of gene expression is more complex in multicellular eukaryotes than in prokaryotes because __________. (Explain your answer.)
a. Eukaryotic cells are much smaller
b. In a multicellular eukaryote, different cells are specialized for different functions
c. Prokaryotes are restricted to stable environments
d. Eukaryotes have fewer genes, so each gene must do several jobs
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