Textbook Question
In the primate phylogenetic tree below, fill in groups (a)–(e). Of the groups, which are anthropoids and which are apes?
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Ch. 19 The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Biology: The Study of Scientific Life19
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Basis of Life17
- Ch. 3 The Molecules of Cells21
- Ch. 4 A Tour of the Cell20
- Ch. 5 The Working Cell17
- Ch. 6 How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy18
- Ch. 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food15
- Ch. 8 The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance22
- Ch. 9 Patterns of Inheritance17
- Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene13
- Ch. 11 How Genes Are Controlled13
- Ch. 12 DNA Technology and Genomics23
- Ch. 13 How Populations Evolve17
- Ch. 14 The Origin of Species19
- Ch. 15 Tracing Evolutionary History18
- Ch. 16 Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists16
- Ch. 17 The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity15
- Ch. 18 The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity13
- Ch. 19 The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity18
- Ch. 20 Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function11
- Ch. 21 Nutrition and Digestion16
- Ch. 22 Gas Exchange16
- Ch. 23 Circulation17
- Ch. 24 The Immune System16
- Ch. 25 Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance20
- Ch. 26 Hormones and the Endocrine System10
- Ch. 27 Reproduction and Embryonic Development12
- Ch. 28 Nervous Systems10
- Ch. 29 The Senses12
- Ch. 30 How Animals Move19
- Ch. 31 Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction9
- Ch. 32 Plant Nutrition and Transport12
- Ch. 33 Control Systems in Plants15
- Ch. 34 The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth's Diverse Environments15
- Ch. 35 Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment12
- Ch. 36 Population Ecology15
- Ch. 37 Communities and Ecosystems14
- Ch. 38 Conservation Biology14
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan 10th EditionCh. 19 The Evolution of Vertebrate DiversityProblem 3
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan 10th EditionCh. 19 The Evolution of Vertebrate DiversityProblem 3Chapter 19, Problem 3
A lamprey, a shark, a lizard, and a rabbit share all the following characteristics except
a. Pharyngeal slits in the embryo or adult.
b. Vertebrae.
c. Hinged jaws.
d. A dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the key characteristics shared by all the organisms listed: lamprey, shark, lizard, and rabbit. These organisms are all chordates, so they share certain fundamental traits such as pharyngeal slits, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, and a post-anal tail at some stage of their development.
Analyze the characteristic 'pharyngeal slits in the embryo or adult.' All chordates, including the lamprey, shark, lizard, and rabbit, possess pharyngeal slits during their embryonic development, even if they are not retained in the adult form.
Examine the characteristic 'vertebrae.' All the organisms listed, except the lamprey, have true vertebrae. Lampreys are jawless vertebrates, but their vertebrae are rudimentary and not fully developed like those in sharks, lizards, and rabbits.
Evaluate the characteristic 'hinged jaws.' Lampreys lack hinged jaws, as they are jawless vertebrates (agnathans). Sharks, lizards, and rabbits, however, all possess hinged jaws, making this a distinguishing feature.
Consider the characteristic 'a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.' This is a defining feature of all chordates, including the lamprey, shark, lizard, and rabbit, and is present in all these organisms during their development.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Pharyngeal Slits
Pharyngeal slits are openings in the pharynx that occur in the embryonic development of all chordates. In some species, these structures develop into gills, while in others, they may contribute to the formation of various structures in the head and neck. Understanding their presence in different organisms helps in identifying evolutionary relationships among species.
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Chordates
Vertebrae
Vertebrae are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column, or spine, in vertebrates. This structure provides support and protection for the spinal cord, and its presence is a defining characteristic of the subphylum Vertebrata. Recognizing which organisms possess vertebrae is crucial for classifying them within the animal kingdom.
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Hinged Jaws
Hinged jaws are a significant evolutionary adaptation that allows for more efficient feeding mechanisms in vertebrates. They enable organisms to grasp, manipulate, and process food more effectively than species without jaws. This feature is particularly important in distinguishing between different groups of vertebrates, such as jawed and jawless fish.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
In the chordate phylogenetic tree below, fill in the shared derived character that defines each clade.
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Textbook Question
Why were the Tiktaalik fossils an exciting discovery for scientists studying tetrapod evolution?
a. They are the earliest frog-like animal discovered to date.
b. They show that tetrapods successfully colonized land much earlier than previously thought.
c. They have a roughly equal combination of fishlike and tetrapod-like characteristics.
d. They demonstrate conclusively that limbs evolved as lobe-fins dragged themselves from pond to pond during droughts.
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Textbook Question
Fossils suggest that the first major trait distinguishing hominins from other primates was
a. A larger brain.
b. Erect posture.
c. Forward-facing eyes with depth perception.
d. Tool making.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following correctly lists possible ancestors of humans from the oldest to the most recent?
a. Homo erectus, Australopithecus, Homo habilis
b. Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus
c. Australopithecus, Homo erectus, Homo habilis
d. Homo ergaster, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis
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