Multiple Choice
In humans, how many chromosomes are present in a typical somatic (diploid) cell?
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17. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Basics of Meiotic Genetics
Multiple Choice
In the context of meiotic genetics, which type of cell can pass newly acquired mutations to offspring?
A
Fully differentiated neurons
B
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
C
Germline cells (cells that give rise to gametes through meiosis)
D
Somatic body cells (e.g., skin or liver cells)
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the difference between somatic cells and germline cells: somatic cells make up the body tissues and organs, while germline cells are specialized cells that undergo meiosis to produce gametes (sperm and eggs).
Recognize that mutations in somatic cells affect only the individual and are not passed to offspring because these cells do not contribute genetic material to the next generation.
Know that fully differentiated neurons and red blood cells are types of somatic cells; neurons do not divide further, and red blood cells lack nuclei, so neither can pass mutations to offspring.
Identify that germline cells, through the process of meiosis, produce gametes that combine during fertilization, allowing any mutations in these cells to be inherited by offspring.
Conclude that only mutations in germline cells can be transmitted to the next generation, making germline cells the correct answer for passing newly acquired mutations to offspring.
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