Multiple Choice
In human oogenesis (basics of meiotic genetics), when do oogonia primarily undergo mitosis to increase their number?
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17. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Basics of Meiotic Genetics
Multiple Choice
In human sexual reproduction, what does a sperm cell contribute to the embryo at fertilization?
A
A haploid set of paternal chromosomes (one set of nuclear DNA).
B
A fully formed centrosome and all embryonic mitochondria inherited exclusively from the father.
C
Two complete sets of chromosomes, making the embryo immediately diploid without contribution from the egg.
D
Most of the embryo’s cytoplasm, organelles, and mitochondria.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that in human sexual reproduction, fertilization involves the fusion of two haploid gametes: the sperm and the egg.
Recall that each gamete contributes one haploid set of chromosomes, so the sperm provides one set of paternal chromosomes (nuclear DNA) to the embryo.
Recognize that the sperm also contributes a centrosome, which is important for organizing the microtubules during the first cell divisions of the embryo.
Note that mitochondria in the embryo are almost exclusively inherited from the egg (maternal inheritance), so the sperm does not contribute mitochondria.
Conclude that the sperm does not provide most of the cytoplasm or organelles; these come primarily from the egg, and the embryo becomes diploid only after the fusion of the haploid sets from both sperm and egg.
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