Multiple Choice
In the context of meiotic genetics, which type of cell can pass newly acquired mutations to offspring?
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17. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
Basics of Meiotic Genetics
Multiple Choice
In the context of basics of meiotic genetics, a diploid cell is one that:
A
Contains two sets of homologous chromosomes (2n), typically one set inherited from each parent
B
Contains chromosomes that are always paired as tetrads throughout the entire cell cycle
C
Has twice the normal amount of DNA only because DNA replication has occurred, regardless of chromosome set number
D
Contains one set of chromosomes (n), as in most gametes after meiosis II
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the definition of a diploid cell in the context of genetics. A diploid cell contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent, which is denoted as 2n.
Step 2: Recognize that homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes but may have different alleles. In a diploid cell, these homologous chromosomes exist as pairs.
Step 3: Clarify that the term 'tetrads' refers to paired homologous chromosomes during a specific phase of meiosis (prophase I), not throughout the entire cell cycle. Therefore, chromosomes are not always paired as tetrads in a diploid cell.
Step 4: Differentiate between DNA content and chromosome number. DNA replication doubles the amount of DNA but does not change the number of chromosome sets; the cell remains diploid (2n) until meiosis reduces it.
Step 5: Understand that haploid cells (n), such as gametes after meiosis II, contain only one set of chromosomes, which is different from diploid cells that have two sets.
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