Multiple Choice
In eukaryotic translation, what occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) in the A site?
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5. DNA to RNA to Protein
Translation
Multiple Choice
In a eukaryotic cell, where does translation (protein synthesis from mRNA) primarily occur?
A
On ribosomes in the cytosol and on ribosomes bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
B
In the Golgi apparatus lumen during protein sorting
C
Inside the nucleus on chromatin
D
In mitochondria for all cellular proteins regardless of destination
Verified step by step guidance1
Recall that translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA). This process requires ribosomes, which are the molecular machines that read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.
Identify the cellular locations where ribosomes are found in eukaryotic cells. Ribosomes can be free in the cytosol or bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Both locations are active sites of translation.
Understand that the Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins after they are synthesized, but it is not the site of translation itself.
Recognize that translation does not occur inside the nucleus; the nucleus is where transcription (DNA to mRNA) happens, and chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins, not a site for protein synthesis.
Note that mitochondria have their own ribosomes and can perform translation for a small subset of proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA, but the majority of cellular proteins are synthesized on cytosolic and RER-bound ribosomes.
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