Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Function Transformation
Function transformation refers to the changes made to the graph of a function based on modifications to its equation. These transformations include shifts, reflections, and stretches. In the given function g(x) = -f(x + 1) - 1, the graph of f(x) undergoes a horizontal shift to the left by 1 unit, a vertical reflection across the x-axis, and a downward shift by 1 unit.
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Horizontal Shifts
Horizontal shifts occur when the input of a function is altered, resulting in the entire graph moving left or right. In the expression f(x + 1), the graph shifts left by 1 unit because adding to the input effectively decreases the x-value needed to achieve the same output. Understanding this concept is crucial for accurately repositioning the graph of f(x) to create g(x).
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Vertical Shifts and Reflections
Vertical shifts involve moving the graph of a function up or down by adding or subtracting a constant from the function's output. In g(x) = -f(x + 1) - 1, the '-1' indicates a downward shift of the graph by 1 unit. Additionally, the negative sign before f(x + 1) reflects the graph across the x-axis, inverting its values. This combination of transformations is essential for accurately graphing g(x).
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