In Exercises 55–59, use the graph of to graph each function g. g(x) = f(x + 2) + 3
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Identify the base function f(x) from the graph. Here, f(x) is an absolute value function with vertex at (0,0), forming a V-shape.
Understand the transformation in g(x) = f(x + 2) + 3. The term (x + 2) inside the function indicates a horizontal shift, and the +3 outside indicates a vertical shift.
Apply the horizontal shift: Replace x with (x + 2) shifts the graph of f(x) to the left by 2 units. This moves the vertex from (0,0) to (-2,0).
Apply the vertical shift: Adding +3 outside the function shifts the graph up by 3 units. This moves the vertex from (-2,0) to (-2,3).
Sketch the new graph g(x) by shifting every point of f(x) left 2 units and up 3 units, maintaining the same shape and slopes of the V.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Function Transformations
Function transformations involve shifting, stretching, compressing, or reflecting the graph of a function. In this problem, the function g(x) = f(x + 2) + 3 represents a horizontal shift left by 2 units and a vertical shift up by 3 units of the original function f(x). Understanding these shifts helps in graphing the transformed function accurately.
A horizontal shift occurs when the input variable x is replaced by (x + h) or (x - h). For g(x) = f(x + 2), the graph of f(x) shifts left by 2 units because adding inside the function moves the graph in the opposite direction of the sign. This concept is crucial for repositioning the vertex of the V-shaped graph.
A vertical shift happens when a constant is added or subtracted outside the function, such as f(x) + k. In g(x) = f(x + 2) + 3, adding 3 shifts the entire graph of f(x + 2) upward by 3 units. This moves the vertex and all points on the graph vertically, maintaining the shape but changing the position.