In Exercises 1–68, factor completely, or state that the polynomial is prime. x⁴ − xy³ + x³y − y⁴
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Group the polynomial terms into two pairs: \( (x^4 - xy^3) + (x^3y - y^4) \).
From the first pair \( (x^4 - xy^3) \), factor out \( x \), resulting in \( x(x^3 - y^3) \). From the second pair \( (x^3y - y^4) \), factor out \( y \), resulting in \( y(x^3 - y^3) \).
Both terms now contain the common factor \( (x^3 - y^3) \).
Factor \( (x^3 - y^3) \) from the expression: \( (x + y)(x^3 - y^3) \).
The expression \( x^3 - y^3 \) is a difference of cubes, which can be factored further using the formula \( a^3 - b^3 = (a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2) \). Apply this to factor \( x^3 - y^3 \).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Factoring Polynomials
Factoring polynomials involves expressing a polynomial as a product of its simpler components, or factors. This process is essential for simplifying expressions and solving equations. Common techniques include factoring out the greatest common factor, using special products like the difference of squares, and applying grouping methods.
The grouping method is a technique used to factor polynomials with four or more terms. It involves rearranging the terms into groups, factoring out the common factors from each group, and then factoring out the common binomial factor. This method is particularly useful when the polynomial does not easily fit into standard factoring patterns.
A prime polynomial is a polynomial that cannot be factored into the product of two non-constant polynomials with real coefficients. Identifying whether a polynomial is prime is crucial in algebra, as it determines the methods available for solving equations or simplifying expressions. A polynomial is considered prime if no factorization exists other than itself and 1.