Q: Which equation represents the fusion reaction that occurs in the Sun?

$$4\ ^1_1H^+ \rightarrow \ ^4_2He$$^{2+}$$ + 2\ ^0_{+1}e + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which process is responsible for the formation of elements heavier than hydrogen in the universe?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fusion in stars

Question 2

What evidence supports the idea that the universe is expanding?

Accepted Answer

The red shift of light from distant galaxies

Question 3

Which force must be overcome for two nuclei to approach each other closely enough for fusion to occur?

Accepted Answer

Electrostatic (Coulomb) repulsion

Question 4

Why do metals conduct electricity so well?

Accepted Answer

Their electrons can move freely in molecular orbitals forming energy bands

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between a covalent bond and a London dispersion force (LDF)?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds are strong and occur within molecules, while LDFs are weak and occur between molecules

Question 6

Which nuclear reaction is responsible for the energy produced by the Sun?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei

Question 7

What happens to the potential energy of two nuclei as they move very close together (within the range of the strong nuclear force)?

Accepted Answer

It decreases due to the strong nuclear attraction

Question 8

Why do two helium atoms not form a stable bond according to Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory?

Accepted Answer

Their electrons fill both bonding and antibonding orbitals, canceling out stabilization

Question 9

Which property of graphite allows it to conduct electricity, unlike diamond?

Accepted Answer

Presence of delocalized pi molecular orbitals

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why diamond is hard and has a high melting point?

Accepted Answer

It has a 3D network of strong covalent bonds

Question 11

Which equation represents the fusion reaction that occurs in the Sun?

Accepted Answer

$$4\ ^1_1H^+ ightarrow \ ^4_2He$$^{2+}$$ + 2\ ^0_{+1}e + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 13

Which type of nuclear reaction is used in nuclear power plants to generate energy?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear fission

Question 14

What is the main reason why fusion reactors are not yet widely used for energy production?

Accepted Answer

We cannot get as much energy back as we use to start the fusion

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the change in potential energy as two nuclei approach each other, but are still separated by distances greater than the size of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy increases due to electrostatic repulsion

Question 16

Which of the following must be overcome to melt solid helium (He)?

Accepted Answer

London dispersion forces (LDF)

Question 17

Which property of metals is explained by the ability of electrons to move freely in energy bands?

Accepted Answer

Electrical conductivity

Question 18

What is the electron configuration of carbon?

Accepted Answer

[He] 2s2 2p2

Question 19

Which hybridization allows carbon to form four identical bonds in diamond?

Accepted Answer

sp3

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of graphite but NOT diamond?

Accepted Answer

Conducts electricity

Origins of Atoms, Nuclear Chemistry, and Chemical Bonding: Foundations of General Chemistry

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