Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Problem 19a

Chapter 1, Problem 19a

The radius of an atom of tungsten (W) is about 2.10 A . (a) Express this distance in nanometers (nm). Express this distance in picometers (pm).

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the conversion relationship: 1 Ångström (A) is equal to 0.1 nanometers (nm).

Identify the given value: The radius of the tungsten atom is 2.10 Å.

Set up the conversion: Multiply the given value in Å by the conversion factor to convert it to nm.

Perform the multiplication: 2.10 Å * 0.1 nm/Å.

The result of the multiplication will give you the radius in nanometers.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Unit Conversion

Unit conversion is the process of converting a quantity expressed in one unit to another unit. In this case, we need to convert angstroms (A) to nanometers (nm). Knowing that 1 A equals 0.1 nm is essential for performing this conversion accurately.

Atomic Radius

The atomic radius is a measure of the size of an atom, typically defined as the distance from the nucleus to the outer boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. For tungsten, the atomic radius is given as 2.10 A, which provides insight into its size relative to other elements.

Metric Prefixes

Metric prefixes are used to denote multiples or fractions of units in the metric system. For example, 'nano-' denotes a factor of 10^-9. Understanding these prefixes is crucial for interpreting measurements and performing conversions between different scales, such as from angstroms to nanometers.

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A solid white substance A is heated strongly in the absence ofair. It decomposes to form a new white substance B and a gas C.The gas has exactly the same properties as the product obtainedwhen carbon is burned in an excess of oxygen. Basedon these observations, can we determine whether solids Aand B and gas C are elements or compounds?

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Zirconia, an oxide of zirconium, is often used as an affordable diamond substitute. Just like diamond, it is a colorless crystal which sparkles under sunlight. Which of the following physical properties do you think would help in differentiating between diamond and Zirconia—melting point, density, or physical state?

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Textbook Question

In the process of attempting to characterize a substance, a chemist makes the following observations: The substance is a silvery white, lustrous metal. It melts at 649 °C and boils at 1105 °C. Its density at 20 °C is 1.738 g/cm³. The substance burns in air, producing an intense white light. It reacts with chlorine to give a brittle white solid. The substance can be pounded into thin sheets or drawn into wires. It is a good conductor of electricity. Which of these characteristics are physical properties, and which are chemical properties?

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(a) Read the following description of the element zinc and indicate which are physical properties and which are chemical properties. Zinc melts at 420 °C. When zinc granules are added to dilute sulfuric acid, hydrogen is given off and the metal dissolves. Zinc has a hardness on the Mohs scale of 2.5 and a density of 7.13 g/cm³ at 25 °C. It reacts slowly with oxygen gas at elevated temperatures to form zinc oxide, ZnO.

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Textbook Question

(b) Which properties of zinc can you describe from the photo? Are these physical or chemical properties?

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