Label the following statements about J. J. Thomson's cathode-ray tube experiments shown in Figure 2.6 as true or false. (c) The cathode ray is deflected away from a positively charged plate.

Cathode rays are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes. They are produced when a high voltage is applied across electrodes in a cathode-ray tube, causing electrons to be emitted from the cathode and travel towards the anode. Understanding the nature of cathode rays is crucial for interpreting their behavior in electric and magnetic fields.

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of charge: positive and negative. In the context of Thomson's experiments, negatively charged electrons are attracted to positively charged plates and repelled by negatively charged plates, which is essential for understanding the deflection of cathode rays.

The deflection of charged particles, such as electrons, occurs when they pass through an electric field. Charged particles will move towards the opposite charge; thus, negatively charged cathode rays will be deflected away from a positively charged plate. This principle is fundamental in analyzing the behavior of cathode rays in Thomson's experiments and understanding the nature of electric forces.