Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements

McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook

McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements

Problem 22.31a

Chapter 22, Problem 22.31a

The following pictures represent various silicate anions. Write the formula and charge of each anion.

Verified step by step guidance

insert step 1> Identify the type of silicate structure for each anion in the pictures. Common types include orthosilicates, pyrosilicates, cyclic silicates, chain silicates, and sheet silicates.

insert step 2> Determine the basic formula for each type of silicate anion. For example, orthosilicates have the formula SiO_4^{4-}, pyrosilicates have Si_2O_7^{6-}, etc.

insert step 3> Count the number of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in each anion structure to verify the specific formula.

insert step 4> Calculate the charge of each anion by considering the oxidation state of silicon (+4) and oxygen (-2), and ensuring the overall charge matches the typical charge for that silicate type.

insert step 5> Write down the chemical formula and charge for each silicate anion based on your analysis from the previous steps.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Silicate Anions

Silicate anions are polyatomic ions composed of silicon and oxygen, typically represented by the general formula SiO4^n-. They form the basis of silicate minerals and can vary in structure and charge depending on the arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms. Understanding the different types of silicate anions, such as orthosilicate (SiO4^4-) and pyrosilicate (Si2O7^6-), is essential for identifying their formulas and charges.

Polyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ions are ions that consist of two or more atoms bonded together, carrying a net charge due to the loss or gain of electrons. They play a crucial role in chemical reactions and compound formation. Recognizing the common polyatomic ions, including their formulas and charges, is vital for accurately writing the formulas of silicate anions and understanding their behavior in chemical contexts.

Charge Balance in Ionic Compounds

In ionic compounds, the total positive charge must balance the total negative charge to achieve electrical neutrality. This principle is fundamental when writing chemical formulas, as it dictates the ratio of cations to anions. For silicate anions, knowing their charges allows for the correct combination with cations to form stable compounds, ensuring that the overall charge of the resulting formula is zero.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Using the shorthand notation of Figure 22.9, draw the structure of the silicate anion in:

(a) K₄SiO₄ (b) Ag₁₀Si₄O₁₃

What is the relationship between the charge on the anion and the number of terminal O atoms?

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Textbook Question

An important physiological reaction of nitric oxide (NO) is its interaction with the superoxide ion (O₂^–) to form the peroxynitrite ion (ONOO^–).

a. Write electron-dot structures for NO, O₂^–, and ONOO^–, and predict the O–N–O bond angle in ONOO^–.

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Textbook Question

Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of the amphoteric oxide Ga₂O₃ with:

a. Aqueous sulfuric acid

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Textbook Question

Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of the amphoteric oxide ZnO with:

a. Hydrochloric acid

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Textbook Question

What is the hybridization and geometry around carbon atoms in graphene? Explain why graphene is an excellent conductor of electricity.

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Textbook Question

In the following pictures of binary hydrides, ivory spheres

represent H atoms or ions, and burgundy spheres represent

atoms or ions of the other element.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(a) Identify each binary hydride as ionic, covalent, or interstitial.

(b) What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in compounds (1), (2), and (3)? What is the oxidation state of the other

element?

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