Textbook Question
Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of the amphoteric oxide Ga2O3 with:
a. Aqueous sulfuric acid
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Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Chapter 22, Problem 22.21a
In the following pictures of binary hydrides, ivory spheres
represent H atoms or ions, and burgundy spheres represent
atoms or ions of the other element.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a) Identify each binary hydride as ionic, covalent, or interstitial.
(b) What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in compounds (1), (2), and (3)? What is the oxidation state of the other
element?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the type of binary hydride: Determine if the hydride is ionic, covalent, or interstitial based on the elements involved. Ionic hydrides typically involve alkali or alkaline earth metals, covalent hydrides involve nonmetals, and interstitial hydrides involve transition metals.
Determine the oxidation state of hydrogen: In ionic hydrides, hydrogen usually has an oxidation state of -1. In covalent hydrides, hydrogen typically has an oxidation state of +1.
Determine the oxidation state of the other element: For ionic hydrides, the metal will have a positive oxidation state equal to its group number. For covalent hydrides, use the known oxidation state of hydrogen to deduce the oxidation state of the other element.
Apply the rules for oxidation states: Ensure that the sum of the oxidation states in the compound equals zero, as compounds are electrically neutral.
Review and verify: Double-check the identified types of hydrides and calculated oxidation states to ensure they are consistent with the chemical properties of the elements involved.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Types of Bonding
Binary hydrides can be classified based on the type of bonding present: ionic, covalent, or interstitial. Ionic hydrides form when hydrogen bonds with highly electronegative elements, resulting in the transfer of electrons. Covalent hydrides occur when hydrogen shares electrons with nonmetals, while interstitial hydrides involve hydrogen occupying interstitial sites in a metal lattice, typically with transition metals.
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02:15
Bonding Types
Oxidation States
The oxidation state of an element in a compound indicates the degree of oxidation or reduction it has undergone. For hydrogen, the oxidation state is typically +1 when bonded to nonmetals and -1 when bonded to metals. Understanding how to assign oxidation states is crucial for determining the overall charge balance in binary hydrides and the oxidation states of the other elements involved.
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Hydride Classification
Hydrides can be classified into different categories based on their properties and the elements involved. For example, ionic hydrides are usually formed with alkali and alkaline earth metals, while covalent hydrides are formed with nonmetals. Recognizing these classifications helps in predicting the behavior and characteristics of the hydrides in question, including their reactivity and stability.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
An important physiological reaction of nitric oxide (NO) is its interaction with the superoxide ion (O2–) to form the peroxynitrite ion (ONOO–).
a. Write electron-dot structures for NO, O2–, and ONOO–, and predict the O–N–O bond angle in ONOO–.
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Textbook Question
Which element in each of the following pairs has more nonmetallic character?
(a) Se or Te
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Textbook Question
The following pictures represent various silicate anions. Write the formula and charge of each anion.
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Textbook Question
Consider the six second- and third-row elements in groups 4A–6A of the periodic table:
Possible structures for the binary fluorides of each of these elements in its highest oxidation state are shown below.
(b) Explain why the fluorides of nitrogen and phosphorus have different molecular structures but the fluorides of carbon and silicon have the same molecular structure.
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Textbook Question
The following pictures represent structures of the hydrides of four second-row elements:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(b) Which compound has the lowest boiling point?
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