Textbook Question
Using the shorthand notation of Figure 22.9, draw the structure of the silicate anion in:
(a) K4SiO4 (b) Ag10Si4O13
What is the relationship between the charge on the anion and the number of terminal O atoms?
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Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement143
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions134
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions149
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution157
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms92
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory73
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures47
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure51
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy104
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior138
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes43
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials56
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties98
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics79
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases94
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria125
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium66
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry130
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry73
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements155
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry43
Chapter 22, Problem 22.3
Which of the following elements (X) will form a covalent hydride with the formula XH3 that is a gas at room temperature? (LO 22.4)
(a) Al (b) As (c) Ba (d) Se
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the elements that can form covalent bonds with hydrogen to create a hydride.
Consider the periodic table position of each element: Al, As, Ba, and Se.
Recall that covalent hydrides are typically formed by nonmetals or metalloids.
Determine which of the given elements is likely to form a gaseous hydride at room temperature.
Recognize that As (arsenic) is a metalloid that can form a covalent hydride, AsH_3, which is a gas at room temperature.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, typically between nonmetals. This type of bond results in the formation of molecules, such as hydrides, where the hydrogen atom bonds with another element. Understanding the nature of covalent bonds is essential for predicting the properties of compounds, including their state at room temperature.
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Chemical Bonds
Hydrides
Hydrides are compounds formed between hydrogen and another element. They can be classified into ionic and covalent hydrides, with covalent hydrides being formed by nonmetals. The physical state of hydrides at room temperature can vary; for instance, covalent hydrides of lighter nonmetals tend to be gases, while those of heavier elements may be liquids or solids.
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Periodic Trends
Periodic trends refer to the predictable patterns in the properties of elements as you move across or down the periodic table. These trends influence factors such as electronegativity, atomic size, and the ability to form covalent bonds. Recognizing these trends helps in determining which elements are likely to form gaseous hydrides, as lighter elements in specific groups tend to form such compounds.
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Related Practice
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Draw the electron-dot structure for CO, CO2, and CO32–, and predict which substance will have the strongest carbon–oxygen bond.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following oxides will be more soluble in acidic solution? (LO 22.14)
(a) SiO2 (b) NO2
(c) BaO (d) B2O3
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