Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook

McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Problem 88c

Chapter 3, Problem 88c

What are the empirical formulas of substances with the following mass percent compositions? (c) Sodium thiosulfate (photographic 'fixer'): 30.36% O, 29.08% Na, 40.56% S

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Assume a 100 g sample of the compound, which allows you to directly convert the percentage of each element to grams.

Step 2: Convert the mass of each element to moles by dividing by their respective molar masses: Na (22.99 g/mol), S (32.07 g/mol), and O (16.00 g/mol).

Step 3: Determine the mole ratio of the elements by dividing each element's mole value by the smallest number of moles calculated in Step 2.

Step 4: If necessary, multiply the ratios by a whole number to obtain whole numbers for each element in the empirical formula.

Step 5: Write the empirical formula using the whole number ratios as subscripts for each element.

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.

Video duration:

Was this helpful?

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Empirical Formula

The empirical formula of a compound represents the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements present in that compound. It is derived from the mass percent composition of the elements, allowing chemists to determine the relative amounts of each element without knowing the actual molecular structure.

Mass Percent Composition

Mass percent composition indicates the percentage by mass of each element in a compound. It is calculated by dividing the mass of each element in a sample by the total mass of the sample and multiplying by 100. This information is crucial for converting mass percentages into moles, which is necessary for determining the empirical formula.

Mole Concept

The mole concept is a fundamental principle in chemistry that relates the mass of a substance to the number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) it contains. One mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number (approximately 6.022 x 10²³) of particles. This concept is essential for converting mass percent compositions into moles, which can then be used to find the empirical formula.

Recommended video:

Guided course

01:25

Mole Concept

Related Practice

Textbook Question

Calculate the mass percent composition of each of the following substances. (c) Prussian blue, an ink pigment: Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃

565

views

Textbook Question

What are the empirical formulas of substances with the following mass percent compositions? (b) Ilmenite (a titanium-containing ore): 31.63% O, 31.56% Ti, 36.81% Fe

764

views

Textbook Question

Ferrocene, a substance proposed for use as a gasoline additive, has the percent composition 5.42% H, 64.56% C, and 30.02% Fe. What is the empirical formula of ferrocene?

687

views

Textbook Question

What is the empirical formula of stannous fluoride, the first fluoride compound added to toothpaste to protect teeth against decay? Its mass percent composition is 24.25% F, 75.75% Sn.

655

views

Textbook Question

What are the empirical formulas of each of the following substances? (b) Magnetite, a naturally occurring magnetic mineral: 72.36% Fe, 27.64% O