Textbook Question
Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry, and idealized bond angles for each molecule. In which cases do you expect deviations from the idealized bond angle?
a. CS2
b. SCl2
c. CHF3
d. PF3
Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving90
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements94
- Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds103
- Ch.4 - Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities46
- Ch.5 - Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Solutions65
- Ch.6 - Gases100
- Ch.7 - Thermochemistry85
- Ch.8 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom51
- Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements79
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model70
- Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory68
- Ch.12 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces44
- Ch.13 - Solids & Modern Materials42
- Ch.14 - Solutions77
- Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics88
- Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium57
- Ch.17 - Acids and Bases121
- Ch.18 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium126
- Ch.19 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics80
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry87
- Ch.21 - Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry61
- Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry114
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Tro 6th EditionCh.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO TheoryProblem 37
Tro 6th EditionCh.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO TheoryProblem 37Chapter 11, Problem 37
Which species has the smaller bond angle, H3O+ or H2O? Explain.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the molecular geometry of each species: H2O is bent, and H3O+ is trigonal pyramidal.
Consider the number of lone pairs on the central atom: H2O has two lone pairs, while H3O+ has one lone pair.
Recall that lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs, affecting bond angles.
Understand that more lone pairs result in smaller bond angles due to increased repulsion.
Conclude that H2O, with more lone pairs, has a smaller bond angle compared to H3O+.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom, which influence the shape and angles between bonds. Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting bond angles and the overall structure of molecules.
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VSEPR Theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs. According to VSEPR, electron pairs will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion, which directly affects bond angles. This theory helps explain why H3O+ has a different bond angle compared to H2O.
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Bond Angles
Bond angles are the angles formed between two adjacent bonds at an atom. They are influenced by the number of lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons surrounding the atom. In the case of H3O+ and H2O, the presence of an additional hydrogen ion in H3O+ alters the bond angle compared to H2O, leading to a smaller angle due to increased electron repulsion.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
A molecule with the formula AB2 has a linear geometry. How many electron groups are on the central atom?
Textbook Question
Which species has the smaller bond angle, ClO4- or ClO3- ? Explain.
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Textbook Question
Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion using the bond conventions shown in “Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper” in Section 11.4. d. BrF5
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Textbook Question
Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion using the bond conventions shown in “Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper” in Section 11.4. c. PCl5
Textbook Question
A molecule with the formula AB3 has a trigonal pyramidal geometry. How many electron groups are on the central atom (A)?
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