Textbook Question
Write the full orbital diagram for each element. a. S
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Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements
Tro6th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780137832217
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Matter, Measurement & Problem Solving90
- Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements94
- Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds103
- Ch.4 - Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities46
- Ch.5 - Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Solutions65
- Ch.6 - Gases100
- Ch.7 - Thermochemistry85
- Ch.8 - The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom51
- Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements79
- Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model70
- Ch.11 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, VSEPR & MO Theory68
- Ch.12 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces44
- Ch.13 - Solids & Modern Materials42
- Ch.14 - Solutions77
- Ch.15 - Chemical Kinetics88
- Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium57
- Ch.17 - Acids and Bases121
- Ch.18 - Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium126
- Ch.19 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics80
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry87
- Ch.21 - Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry61
- Ch.22 - Organic Chemistry114
Chapter 9, Problem 42b
Write the full orbital diagram for each element. b. Ca
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the atomic number of calcium (Ca), which is 20.
Determine the electron configuration of calcium by filling the orbitals in order of increasing energy: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s.
Write the electron configuration for calcium: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2.
Draw the orbital diagram by representing each orbital as a box and each electron as an arrow. Fill the orbitals according to the electron configuration, following Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle.
Ensure that each orbital is filled with a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins, and that electrons are distributed to maximize unpaired electrons in degenerate orbitals.
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Orbital Diagrams
Orbital diagrams visually represent the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins, and the diagram uses arrows to indicate the presence and spin of electrons. Understanding how to construct these diagrams is essential for predicting the electron configuration of elements.
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01:16
Electron Orbital Diagrams
Electron Configuration
Electron configuration describes the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals, following the principles of the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. For calcium (Ca), which has 20 electrons, the electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s², indicating how electrons fill the available orbitals in order of increasing energy.
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01:33Electron Configuration Example
Periodic Table and Element Properties
The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and electron configurations, which influence their chemical properties. Calcium, located in Group 2, is an alkaline earth metal, and its electron configuration reveals its tendency to lose two electrons to achieve a stable noble gas configuration, which is crucial for understanding its reactivity and bonding behavior.
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04:01Periodic Table History
Related Practice
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Use the periodic table to write an electron configuration for each element. Represent core electrons with the symbol of the previous noble gas in brackets. c. Nb