Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

11. Translation

Transfer RNA

Genetics

11. Translation

Transfer RNA

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1:50 minutes

Problem 40c

Textbook Question

For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.
3′-AUG-5′

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the codon sequence that pairs with the given tRNA anticodon. The anticodon 3′-AUG-5′ pairs with the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′, as base pairing between anticodon and codon follows complementary rules (A pairs with U, and G pairs with C).

Determine the amino acid carried by the tRNA. Use the genetic code table to find the amino acid corresponding to the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′. This codon specifies the amino acid Tyrosine (Tyr).

Determine the DNA coding strand sequence. The DNA coding strand is complementary to the template strand and identical to the mRNA sequence (except T replaces U). Therefore, the DNA coding strand sequence is 5′-TAC-3′.

Specify the polarity of the DNA coding strand. The DNA coding strand is written in the 5′ to 3′ direction, which is the standard convention for representing DNA sequences.

Summarize the relationships: The tRNA anticodon 3′-AUG-5′ pairs with the mRNA codon 5′-UAC-3′, which codes for Tyrosine (Tyr). The corresponding DNA coding strand sequence is 5′-TAC-3′.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

tRNA and Anticodons

Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are essential for translating the genetic code into proteins. Each tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on mRNA. The sequence of the anticodon determines which amino acid the tRNA carries, allowing for the correct incorporation of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Codons and Amino Acids

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides on mRNA that specify a particular amino acid. The genetic code is universal, meaning that each codon corresponds to the same amino acid across different organisms. Understanding the relationship between codons and their corresponding amino acids is crucial for interpreting genetic information and protein synthesis.

DNA Coding Strand and Polarity

The DNA coding strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA (except for thymine being replaced by uracil). It runs in a 5' to 3' direction, which is important for transcription and translation processes. The polarity of nucleic acids (5' to 3' direction) is fundamental for understanding how genetic information is read and synthesized.

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Describe the roles and relationships between tRNA anticodon sequences and mRNA codon sequences.

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Describe the roles and relationships between tRNA synthetases and tRNA molecules.

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Textbook Question

For each of the following tRNA anticodon sequences, give the sequence of the corresponding codon sequence, the amino acid carried by the tRNA, and the corresponding DNA coding strand sequence and polarity.

3′-UAC-5′

3′-CCU-5′

Which three-base site of a tRNA molecule is complementary to an mRNA codon?

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Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA is responsible for translating the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis?