Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

6. Chromosomal Variation

Chromosomal Rearrangements: Translocations

Genetics

6. Chromosomal Variation

Chromosomal Rearrangements: Translocations

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2:47 minutes

Problem 7f

Textbook Question

From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Reciprocal balanced translocation

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of a reciprocal balanced translocation: This occurs when two non-homologous chromosomes exchange segments without any genetic material being lost or gained. The total amount of genetic material remains the same, but its arrangement is altered.

Consider the potential impact on gene expression: Even though no genetic material is lost or gained, the rearrangement can disrupt gene function if the breakpoints occur within a gene or regulatory region, potentially leading to phenotypic consequences.

Evaluate the possibility of position effects: The relocation of a gene to a new chromosomal environment can alter its expression due to changes in regulatory elements or chromatin structure, which may result in phenotypic changes.

Assess the impact during meiosis: Individuals with a reciprocal balanced translocation may produce gametes with unbalanced chromosomal content due to improper segregation during meiosis. This can lead to phenotypic consequences in offspring, such as developmental abnormalities or genetic disorders.

Conclude that while individuals with a reciprocal balanced translocation may not always show phenotypic consequences themselves, the rearrangement can still have significant effects on gene function, expression, and reproductive outcomes, making it a type of chromosome change with potential phenotypic consequences.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Chromosome Structure

Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain DNA and proteins. They are essential for the proper segregation of genetic material during cell division. Changes in chromosome structure, such as translocations, can disrupt gene function and lead to phenotypic consequences, affecting traits and characteristics of an organism.

Reciprocal Balanced Translocation

A reciprocal balanced translocation occurs when segments from two different chromosomes are exchanged without any loss of genetic material. While the overall amount of genetic material remains the same, this rearrangement can disrupt gene regulation and lead to abnormal gene expression, potentially resulting in phenotypic changes.

Phenotypic Consequences

Phenotypic consequences refer to observable traits or characteristics that result from genetic changes. These can include physical attributes, behaviors, or susceptibility to diseases. In the context of chromosome changes, such as translocations, the alteration in gene expression can lead to new phenotypes, which may be beneficial, neutral, or harmful.

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Related Practice

Multiple Choice

An individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation has the following chromosomes. Which chromosomes do the gametes receive after alternative segregation?

A B • C D E F G J K • L M N O P

A B • C D N O P J K • L M E F G

An individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation has the following chromosomes. Which chromosomes do the gametes receive after adjacent-1 segregation?

A B • C D E F G J K • L M N O P

A B • C D N O P J K • L M E F G

An individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation has the following chromosomes. Which chromosomes do the gametes receive after adjacent-2 segregation?

A B • C D E F G J K • L M N O P

A B • C D N O P J K • L M E F G

How many chromosomes does a person who is a carrier for familial down syndrome caused by a robertsonian translocation have?

An animal heterozygous for a reciprocal balanced translocation has the following chromosomes:

MN • OPQRST

MN • OPQRjkl

cdef • ghijkl

cdef • ghiST

Among the three segregation patterns, which is least likely to occur? Why?

343

views

Textbook Question

An animal heterozygous for a reciprocal balanced translocation has the following chromosomes:

MN • OPQRST

MN • OPQRjkl

cdef • ghijkl

cdef • ghiST

Identify the gametes produced by adjacent-2 segregation. Which if any of these gametes are viable?

455

views

Textbook Question

An animal heterozygous for a reciprocal balanced translocation has the following chromosomes:

MN • OPQRST

MN • OPQRjkl

cdef • ghijkl

cdef • ghiST

Identify the gametes produced by adjacent-1 segregation. Which, if any, of these gametes are viable?

394

views

Textbook Question

An animal heterozygous for a reciprocal balanced translocation has the following chromosomes:

MN • OPQRST

MN • OPQRjkl

cdef • ghijkl

cdef • ghiST

Identify the gametes produced by alternate segregation. Which, if any, of these gametes are viable?

444

views

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From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.Reciprocal balanced translocation

Key Concepts

Chromosome Structure

Reciprocal Balanced Translocation

Phenotypic Consequences

Watch next

From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Reciprocal balanced translocation