Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

9. Mitosis and Meiosis

Meiosis

Genetics

9. Mitosis and Meiosis

Meiosis

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1:32 minutes

Problem 2f

Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.
Early prophase I

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the diploid number (2n) of the organism: The diploid number for chimpanzees is given as 2n = 48. This means that in a diploid cell, there are 48 chromosomes, or 24 homologous pairs of chromosomes.

Recall the stage of meiosis being discussed: Early prophase I is the first stage of meiosis I, where homologous chromosomes begin to condense and pair up. At this stage, the cell is still diploid, and no division has occurred yet.

Determine the number of chromosomes in early prophase I: Since the cell is diploid at this stage, the number of chromosomes remains the same as the diploid number, which is 48 chromosomes.

Clarify the state of the chromosomes: Each chromosome at this stage has already undergone DNA replication during the S phase of the cell cycle. Therefore, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, but the chromosome count is still based on centromeres, not chromatids.

Conclude the chromosome count: In early prophase I, the number of chromosomes in the cell is 48, as no division or separation of homologous chromosomes has occurred yet.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Diploid Number

The diploid number (2n) refers to the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell, where chromosomes exist in pairs. In the case of chimpanzees, the diploid number is 48, meaning there are 24 pairs of homologous chromosomes. This concept is crucial for understanding how chromosomes are organized and distributed during cell division.

M Phase of Cell Cycle

M Phase, or mitotic phase, is the stage of the cell cycle where cell division occurs, including both mitosis and cytokinesis. During this phase, the cell's chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. Understanding M Phase is essential for determining the number of chromosomes present at various stages of cell division, such as prophase.

Prophase I of Meiosis

Prophase I is the first stage of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. In this stage, the diploid number of chromosomes is still present, but they are organized into tetrads (pairs of homologous chromosomes). For chimpanzees, this means that during early prophase I, there are still 48 chromosomes, but they are in a paired configuration.

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Related Practice

Multiple Choice

Are the four daughter cells produced from meiosis II diploid or haploid?

Which of the following are sources of genetic variation during meiosis?

During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

Write a short essay that contrasts mitosis and meiosis, including their respective roles in organisms, the mechanisms by which they achieve their respective outcomes, and the consequences should either process fail to be executed with absolute fidelity.

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Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.

End of meiotic anaphase II

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Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.

Meiotic metaphase I

523

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Textbook Question

Cohesion between sister chromatids, as well as tension created by the pull of kinetochore microtubules, is essential to ensure efficient separation of chromatids at mitotic anaphase or in meiotic anaphase II. Explain why sister chromatid cohesion is important, and discuss the role of the proteins cohesin and separase in sister chromatid separation.

621

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Textbook Question

The diploid number of the hypothetical animal Geneticus introductus is 2n = 36. Each diploid nucleus contains 3 ng of DNA in G₁.

Explain why a somatic cell of Geneticus introductus has the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA at the beginning of mitotic prophase as one of these cells does at the beginning of prophase I of meiosis.

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Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.Early prophase I

Key Concepts

Diploid Number

M Phase of Cell Cycle

Prophase I of Meiosis

Watch next

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.
Early prophase I