Table of contents

1. Introduction to Genetics51m
2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3h 37m
3. Extensions to Mendelian Inheritance2h 41m
4. Genetic Mapping and Linkage2h 28m
5. Genetics of Bacteria and Viruses1h 21m
6. Chromosomal Variation1h 48m
7. DNA and Chromosome Structure56m
8. DNA Replication1h 10m
9. Mitosis and Meiosis1h 34m
10. Transcription1h 0m
11. Translation58m
12. Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes1h 19m
13. Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes44m
14. Genetic Control of Development44m
15. Genomes and Genomics1h 50m
16. Transposable Elements47m
17. Mutation, Repair, and Recombination1h 6m
18. Molecular Genetic Tools19m
- Genetic Cloning
  9m
- Methods for Analyzing DNA
  9m
19. Cancer Genetics29m
- Overview of Cancer
  21m
- Cancer Mutations
  7m
20. Quantitative Genetics1h 26m
21. Population Genetics50m
- Hardy Weinberg
  19m
- Allelic Frequency Changes
  31m
22. Evolutionary Genetics29m

9. Mitosis and Meiosis

Meiosis

Genetics

9. Mitosis and Meiosis

Meiosis

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1:07 minutes

Problem 2b

Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.
Meiotic metaphase I

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that the diploid number (2n) represents the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell of the organism. For chimpanzees, 2n = 48, meaning there are 48 chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Recall that meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing haploid (n) gametes. However, in metaphase I of meiosis, the cell is still diploid because homologous chromosomes are paired but not yet separated.

In meiotic metaphase I, homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. Each homologous pair consists of two chromosomes, and since the cell is still diploid at this stage, the total number of chromosomes remains 48.

Note that while the number of chromosomes remains 48, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids because DNA replication occurred during the S phase of interphase prior to meiosis.

Conclude that the number of chromosomes in a cell during meiotic metaphase I for a chimpanzee is 48, with each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Diploid Number

The diploid number (2n) refers to the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell, which includes two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. In the case of chimpanzees, the diploid number is 48, meaning they have 24 pairs of homologous chromosomes. Understanding diploidy is crucial for determining chromosome numbers during various stages of cell division.

Meiosis

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells from one diploid cell. It consists of two sequential divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, which is essential for producing gametes with half the genetic material of the parent organism.

Metaphase I

Metaphase I is a stage in meiosis where homologous chromosome pairs align at the cell's equatorial plane. At this point, each pair consists of two sister chromatids, and the cell is still diploid. For chimpanzees, during meiotic metaphase I, there would be 24 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 48 chromosomes, as they have not yet been separated into haploid cells.

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Related Practice

Multiple Choice

During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

Write a short essay that contrasts mitosis and meiosis, including their respective roles in organisms, the mechanisms by which they achieve their respective outcomes, and the consequences should either process fail to be executed with absolute fidelity.

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Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.

Early prophase I

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Textbook Question

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.

End of meiotic anaphase II

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Textbook Question

Cohesion between sister chromatids, as well as tension created by the pull of kinetochore microtubules, is essential to ensure efficient separation of chromatids at mitotic anaphase or in meiotic anaphase II. Explain why sister chromatid cohesion is important, and discuss the role of the proteins cohesin and separase in sister chromatid separation.

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Textbook Question

The diploid number of the hypothetical animal Geneticus introductus is 2n = 36. Each diploid nucleus contains 3 ng of DNA in G₁.

Explain why a somatic cell of Geneticus introductus has the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA at the beginning of mitotic prophase as one of these cells does at the beginning of prophase I of meiosis.

478

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Textbook Question

The diploid number of the hypothetical animal Geneticus introductus is 2n = 36. Each diploid nucleus contains 3 ng of DNA in G₁.

What amount of DNA is contained in each nucleus at the end of the S phase?

388

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Textbook Question

Explain how the behavior of homologous chromosomes in meiosis parallels Mendel's law of segregation for autosomal alleles D and d. During which stage of M phase do these two alleles segregate from one another?

528

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Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.Meiotic metaphase I

Key Concepts

Diploid Number

Meiosis

Metaphase I

Watch next

Our closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, has a diploid number of 2n = 48. For each of the following stages of M phase, identify the number of chromosomes present in each cell.
Meiotic metaphase I