Textbook Question
Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during translation, and list all enzymes that participate in the transcription and translation process.
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Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins
Klug10th EditionEssentials of GeneticsISBN: 9780135588789
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Introduction to Genetics16
- Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis28
- Ch. 3 - Mendelian Genetics37
- Ch. 4 - Modification of Mendelian Ratios53
- Ch. 5 - Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes32
- Ch. 6 - Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement37
- Ch. 7 - Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes36
- Ch. 8 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages24
- Ch. 9 - DNA Structure and Analysis38
- Ch. 10 - DNA Replication29
- Ch. 11 - Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization22
- Ch. 12 - The Genetic Code and Transcription36
- Ch. 13 - Translation and Proteins27
- Ch. 14 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition34
- Ch. 15 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria22
- Ch. 16 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes37
- Ch. 17 - Recombinant DNA Technology27
- Ch. 18 - Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics30
- Ch. 19 - The Genetics of Cancer21
- Ch. 20 - Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits37
- Ch. 21 - Population and Evolutionary Genetics45
Chapter 13, Problem 6
During translation, what molecule bears the codon? the anticodon?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that translation is the process where the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein.
Recall that a codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on the messenger RNA (mRNA) that specifies a particular amino acid.
Identify that the molecule bearing the codon is the mRNA, as it carries the sequence of codons that are read during translation.
Recognize that the anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides complementary to the codon, found on the transfer RNA (tRNA).
Therefore, the molecule bearing the anticodon is the tRNA, which pairs with the mRNA codon to bring the correct amino acid during protein synthesis.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Codon
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on messenger RNA (mRNA) that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis. It serves as the genetic code read by the ribosome to assemble amino acids in the correct order.
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The Genetic Code
Anticodon
An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides on transfer RNA (tRNA) that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA. It ensures the correct amino acid is brought to the ribosome by matching with the codon during translation.
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Role of mRNA and tRNA in Translation
During translation, mRNA carries the codons that dictate the amino acid sequence, while tRNA molecules carry amino acids and use their anticodons to recognize and bind to the corresponding codons on the mRNA, facilitating accurate protein synthesis.
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07:58Translation initiation
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Francis Crick proposed the 'adaptor hypothesis' for the function of tRNA. Why did he choose that description?
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Textbook Question
Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs with their appropriate amino acids.
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Textbook Question
To carry out its role, each transfer RNA requires at least four specific recognition sites that must be inherent in its tertiary structure. What are they?
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