Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur

Naming Alcohols

GOB Chemistry

14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur

Naming Alcohols

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Problem 14

Textbook Question

Draw structures for the following:
a. 2,4-Dinitrophenol
b. m-Ethylphenol

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the structure of the benzene ring, which is the base structure for both compounds. A benzene ring is a six-membered aromatic ring with alternating double bonds.

Step 2: For 2,4-Dinitrophenol, identify the substituents: a hydroxyl group (-OH) and two nitro groups (-NO₂). The hydroxyl group is attached to position 1 of the benzene ring, and the nitro groups are attached to positions 2 and 4 relative to the hydroxyl group.

Step 3: Draw the benzene ring and place the hydroxyl group (-OH) on one carbon atom (position 1). Then, place the nitro groups (-NO₂) on the second and fourth carbons relative to the hydroxyl group. Ensure the positions are correct based on the numbering system.

Step 4: For m-Ethylphenol, identify the substituents: a hydroxyl group (-OH) and an ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃). The hydroxyl group is attached to position 1 of the benzene ring, and the ethyl group is attached to the meta position (position 3) relative to the hydroxyl group.

Step 5: Draw the benzene ring and place the hydroxyl group (-OH) on one carbon atom (position 1). Then, place the ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃) on the third carbon relative to the hydroxyl group. Verify the structure to ensure the substituents are correctly positioned.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In organic chemistry, recognizing functional groups like hydroxyl (-OH) in phenols or nitro (-NO2) in dinitrophenol is essential for understanding the properties and reactivity of compounds.

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds are a class of cyclic compounds that follow Huckel's rule, which states that they must have a planar structure with a specific number of π electrons (4n + 2). These compounds, such as phenols, exhibit unique stability and reactivity due to their delocalized electrons, making them important in various chemical reactions.

Nomenclature in Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature in organic chemistry refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds based on their structure and functional groups. Understanding the IUPAC naming conventions is crucial for accurately identifying and drawing the structures of compounds like 2,4-Dinitrophenol and m-Ethylphenol, which helps in communication and comprehension within the field.

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