Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Intro to Coenzymes

GOB Chemistry

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Intro to Coenzymes

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1:31 minutes

Problem 9

Textbook Question

Which of the following is found in the coenzyme FAD?
a. Two heterocyclic rings
b. ADP
c. A substituted benzene ring
d. A phosphate anhydride bond

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide), which is a coenzyme involved in redox reactions. It consists of two main components: a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) group.

Analyze the components of FAD. The FMN portion contains a heterocyclic isoalloxazine ring system, while the AMP portion includes an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

Recognize that FAD contains two heterocyclic rings: the isoalloxazine ring in FMN and the adenine ring in AMP.

Note that FAD also contains ADP (adenosine diphosphate), which is formed by the combination of AMP and an additional phosphate group.

Review the other options: FAD does not contain a substituted benzene ring or a phosphate anhydride bond. Instead, it contains a phosphate ester bond connecting FMN and AMP.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Coenzymes

Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions. They often serve as carriers for chemical groups or electrons during metabolic processes. FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) is a well-known coenzyme involved in redox reactions, particularly in the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle.

Structure of FAD

FAD consists of a riboflavin (vitamin B2) moiety and an adenine nucleotide. The riboflavin part contains two heterocyclic rings, which are crucial for its function in electron transfer. Understanding the structural components of FAD is essential for recognizing how it interacts with enzymes and participates in metabolic pathways.

Heterocyclic Rings

Heterocyclic rings are cyclic compounds that contain atoms of at least two different elements as members of the ring. In the context of FAD, the presence of two heterocyclic rings contributes to its ability to accept and donate electrons, making it vital for various biochemical reactions. This structural feature is key to understanding the functionality of coenzymes like FAD.