Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Skeletal Formula

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Skeletal Formula

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1:29 minutes

Problem 40b

Textbook Question

Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.
(b) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the main chain of the molecule. In this case, the condensed structure CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH represents a four-carbon chain (butanol) with a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to the terminal carbon.

Draw the skeletal structure for the four-carbon chain. In a skeletal structure, each vertex represents a carbon atom, and lines between vertices represent single bonds. Hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are not explicitly shown.

Place the hydroxyl (-OH) group on the terminal carbon of the chain. This is indicated in the condensed structure by the -OH at the end.

Ensure that the correct number of bonds is represented for each carbon atom. Each carbon should have four bonds in total, including bonds to other carbons and any implicit hydrogens.

Double-check the skeletal structure to confirm it matches the condensed structure CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, ensuring the functional group and chain length are accurately represented.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensed Structures

Condensed structures are a way of representing chemical compounds where the connectivity of atoms is shown without depicting all the bonds explicitly. In these structures, groups of atoms are often grouped together, such as CH₃ for a methyl group, making it easier to read and write complex molecules. Understanding how to interpret these structures is essential for converting them into skeletal structures.

Skeletal Structures

Skeletal structures, also known as line-angle structures, are a simplified way of representing organic molecules. In these diagrams, carbon atoms are represented by the ends and intersections of lines, while hydrogen atoms are usually omitted for clarity. This representation highlights the overall shape and connectivity of the molecule, making it easier to visualize and understand its three-dimensional structure.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH, the -OH group indicates that the compound is an alcohol, which has distinct properties and reactivity. Recognizing functional groups is crucial for understanding the behavior and classification of organic compounds.

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Textbook Question

Write the skeletal structure for the alkane or cycloalkane shown:

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Textbook Question

Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, and skeletal structures are used to represent the structure of an organic compound. Each of the following compounds is shown in one of these representations. Convert each compound into the other two structural representations not shown.

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Textbook Question

Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.

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Textbook Question

Convert the condensed structures shown to skeletal structures.

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