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1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
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11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
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BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
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23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Ester Reactions: Saponification

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Ester Reactions: Saponification

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5:32 minutes

Problem 79e

Textbook Question

Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.
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e. How many milliliters of a 0.208 M NaOH solution is needed to completely hydrolyze (saponify) 1.58 g of propyl acetate?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation for the hydrolysis (saponification) of propyl acetate. The reaction involves propyl acetate (C5H10O2) reacting with NaOH to produce propanol (C3H8O) and sodium acetate (C2H3O2Na).

Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of propyl acetate (C5H10O2). Add the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecular formula: (5 × C) + (10 × H) + (2 × O).

Step 3: Convert the given mass of propyl acetate (1.58 g) into moles using the formula: \( \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}} \).

Step 4: Use the stoichiometry of the reaction. From the balanced equation, note that 1 mole of propyl acetate reacts with 1 mole of NaOH. Therefore, the moles of NaOH required will be equal to the moles of propyl acetate calculated in Step 3.

Step 5: Calculate the volume of the 0.208 M NaOH solution needed using the formula: \( \text{Volume (L)} = \frac{\text{moles of NaOH}}{\text{molarity}} \). Convert the volume from liters to milliliters by multiplying by 1000.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrolysis and Saponification

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction involving the breaking of a bond in a molecule using water. In the context of esters like propyl acetate, saponification refers to the hydrolysis of the ester in the presence of a base, typically sodium hydroxide (NaOH), resulting in the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylate salt. This process is essential for understanding how esters can be converted into their corresponding acids and alcohols.

Molarity and Solution Concentration

Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. In this question, a 0.208 M NaOH solution indicates that there are 0.208 moles of NaOH in every liter of the solution. Understanding molarity is crucial for calculating the volume of NaOH needed to react with a given mass of propyl acetate during the hydrolysis process.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the area of chemistry that deals with the relationships between the quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows us to calculate how much of one substance is needed to react with a given amount of another. In this case, stoichiometry will help determine the amount of NaOH required to completely hydrolyze the specified mass of propyl acetate, based on the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

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Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of each of the following:

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Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products of the following:

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Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products of the following:

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Textbook Question

Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.

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d. Write the balanced chemical equation for the base hydrolysis of propyl acetate with NaOH.

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Textbook Question

Ethyl octanoate is a flavor component of mangoes.

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e. How many milliliters of a 0.315 M NaOH solution is needed to completely hydrolyze (saponify) 2.84 g of ethyl octanoate?

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Textbook Question

Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.

d. Use condensed structural formulas to write the balanced chemical equation for the base hydrolysis of propyl acetate with NaOH.

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Multiple Choice

Name alcohol formed when the following ester undergoes a saponification reaction.

Household soap is a mixture of the sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids that arise from saponification of animal fat.

b. Draw the structures of the soap molecules produced in the following reaction:

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Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.<IMAGE>e. How many milliliters of a 0.208 M NaOH solution is needed to completely hydrolyze (saponify) 1.58 g of propyl acetate?

Key Concepts

Hydrolysis and Saponification

Molarity and Solution Concentration

Stoichiometry

Watch next

Propyl acetate is the ester that gives the odor and smell of pears.
<IMAGE>
e. How many milliliters of a 0.208 M NaOH solution is needed to completely hydrolyze (saponify) 1.58 g of propyl acetate?