Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Intro to Metabolism

GOB Chemistry

21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy

Intro to Metabolism

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1:35 minutes

Problem 40

Textbook Question

What is the difference between digestion and metabolism?

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Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules in the digestive system, such as carbohydrates into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. This occurs through mechanical and chemical processes in the mouth, stomach, and intestines.

Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that occur within cells to convert the molecules obtained from digestion into energy or building blocks for the body. It includes two main processes: catabolism (breaking down molecules to release energy) and anabolism (using energy to build complex molecules).

Digestion is a preparatory step for metabolism, as it provides the smaller molecules (e.g., glucose, amino acids) that are necessary for metabolic reactions to occur.

Digestion occurs outside of cells in the digestive tract, while metabolism occurs inside cells, primarily in the cytoplasm and mitochondria.

In summary, digestion is the breakdown of food into absorbable units, while metabolism involves the utilization of these units for energy production, growth, and repair within the body.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Digestion

Digestion is the biological process by which food is broken down into smaller components, such as nutrients, that can be absorbed by the body. This process begins in the mouth and continues in the stomach and intestines, involving mechanical and chemical breakdown. The primary goal of digestion is to convert food into forms that can be utilized by the body's cells.

Metabolism

Metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body to maintain life. It encompasses two main processes: catabolism, which breaks down molecules to release energy, and anabolism, which uses energy to construct cellular components. Metabolism is essential for energy production, growth, and the maintenance of cellular functions.

Relationship between Digestion and Metabolism

The relationship between digestion and metabolism is sequential; digestion provides the necessary nutrients that metabolism utilizes to produce energy and support bodily functions. After digestion, the absorbed nutrients enter the bloodstream and are transported to cells, where metabolic processes convert them into energy or use them for building and repairing tissues. Understanding this relationship is crucial for comprehending how the body processes food and maintains homeostasis.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

The overall equation in this section,

shows the cycle between photosynthesis and oxidation. Pathways operating in opposite directions cannot be exergonic in both directions.

a. Which of the two pathways in this cycle is exergonic and which is endergonic?

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Textbook Question

Each of these reactions is involved in one of the four stages of metabolism shown in Figure 21.4. Identify the stage in which each reaction occurs.

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a. Hydrolysis of starch to produce glucose

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Textbook Question

Each of these reactions is involved in one of the four stages of metabolism shown in Figure 21.4. Identify the stage in which each reaction occurs.

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b. Oxidation of NADH coupled with synthesis of ATP

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Textbook Question

Each of these reactions is involved in one of the four stages of metabolism shown in Figure 21.4. Identify the stage in which each reaction occurs.

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c. Conversion of glucose to acetyl-CoA

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Textbook Question

Arrange the following events in the order in which they occur in a catabolic process: electron transport, digestion, oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle.

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Textbook Question

What key metabolic intermediate is formed from the catabolism of all three major classes of foods: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?

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Textbook Question

Why is ∆G a useful quantity for predicting the favorability of biochemical reactions?

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Textbook Question

The following reactions occur during the catabolism of glucose. Which are exergonic? Which is endergonic? Which proceeds farthest toward products at equilibrium?

b. Phosphoenol pyruvate + H₂O → Pyruvate + Phosphate(P_i)

∆G = –14.8 kcal/mol (–61.9 kJ/mol)

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