Textbook Question
Each of these reactions is involved in one of the four stages of metabolism shown in Figure 21.4. Identify the stage in which each reaction occurs.
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a. Hydrolysis of starch to produce glucose
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21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy
Intro to Metabolism
3:51 minutesProblem 41
Textbook Question
Arrange the following events in the order in which they occur in a catabolic process: electron transport, digestion, oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of a catabolic process: Catabolism involves breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones to release energy. This process typically includes digestion, energy extraction, and ATP production.
Identify the first step: Digestion is the initial step where large biomolecules (like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) are broken down into smaller units (like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids).
Determine the second step: The smaller molecules enter metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, where they are further broken down to release electrons and energy in the form of reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH₂).
Recognize the third step: The electrons carried by NADH and FADH₂ are transferred to the electron transport chain, where a series of redox reactions occur, creating a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane.
Identify the final step: Oxidative phosphorylation uses the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, producing the majority of the cell's ATP.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Catabolism
Catabolism refers to the metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units, releasing energy in the process. This energy is often captured in the form of ATP, which is used by cells for various functions. Understanding catabolism is essential for analyzing how organisms convert food into usable energy.
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It consists of several stages, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Recognizing the sequence of these stages is crucial for understanding how energy is produced in catabolic processes.
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Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions. This process generates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation, making it a key component of energy production in catabolism.
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