Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

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1:35 minutes

Problem 85a

Textbook Question

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino-acid peptide hormone responsible for pigmentations in hair and skin. Its peptide sequence is shown.
SYSMQHFRWGKPV
a. How many nucleotides would be found in the mRNA for this protein?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the relationship between amino acids and nucleotides. Each amino acid in a protein is encoded by a codon in mRNA, and each codon consists of three nucleotides.

Step 2: Count the number of amino acids in the given peptide sequence. The sequence provided is SYSMQHFRWGKPV, which contains 13 amino acids.

Step 3: Multiply the number of amino acids by the number of nucleotides per codon. Since each amino acid corresponds to one codon and each codon consists of three nucleotides, the total number of nucleotides is calculated as:

13 \times 3

Step 4: Consider any additional nucleotides that might be present in the mRNA, such as start and stop codons. The start codon (AUG) and a stop codon (e.g., UAA, UAG, or UGA) are typically included in the mRNA sequence.

Step 5: Add the nucleotides for the start and stop codons to the total calculated in Step 3. This ensures the complete mRNA sequence is accounted for.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Peptide Hormones

Peptide hormones are short chains of amino acids that act as signaling molecules in the body. They are synthesized in the ribosomes and play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, and pigmentation. Understanding the structure and function of peptide hormones, like α-MSH, is essential for grasping how they influence biological functions.

Genetic Code

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material is translated into proteins. Each amino acid in a protein is specified by a sequence of three nucleotides, known as a codon, in the mRNA. Knowing how the genetic code translates nucleotide sequences into amino acids is vital for determining the mRNA length corresponding to a given peptide.

mRNA Synthesis

mRNA synthesis, or transcription, is the process by which a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA. This process involves the enzyme RNA polymerase and results in a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis. Understanding mRNA synthesis is crucial for calculating the number of nucleotides needed to encode a specific peptide sequence.

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CYIQNCPLG

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Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino-acid peptide hormone responsible for pigmentations in hair and skin. Its peptide sequence is shown.

SYSMQHFRWGKPV

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Textbook Question

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino-acid peptide hormone responsible for pigmentations in hair and skin. Its peptide sequence is shown.

SYSMQHFRWGKPV

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