Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

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1:13 minutes

Problem 73

Textbook Question

What is the one-letter amino acid sequence formed from the following mRNA that codes for a pentapeptide that is an endorphin called Met-enkephalin?
5'AUG|UAC|GGU|GGA|UUU|AUG|UAA3'

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the start codon in the mRNA sequence. The start codon is typically 'AUG', which codes for the amino acid methionine (Met). This indicates where translation begins.

Divide the mRNA sequence into codons (groups of three nucleotides). For the given sequence, the codons are: AUG, UAC, GGU, GGA, UUU, AUG, UAA.

Use the genetic code table to translate each codon into its corresponding amino acid. For example: AUG = Met, UAC = Tyr, GGU = Gly, GGA = Gly, UUU = Phe, AUG = Met.

Stop translation when you encounter a stop codon. In this sequence, 'UAA' is a stop codon, which signals the end of the peptide chain.

Combine the one-letter abbreviations of the amino acids in the order they appear to form the amino acid sequence. For example, Met = M, Tyr = Y, Gly = G, Phe = F, etc.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

mRNA Translation

mRNA translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA). Each set of three nucleotides, known as a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid. Understanding this process is crucial for determining the amino acid sequence encoded by the mRNA.

Amino Acids and Codons

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and each amino acid is represented by one or more codons in the genetic code. The genetic code is universal and consists of 64 codons that specify 20 different amino acids. Knowing the codons that correspond to specific amino acids is essential for translating mRNA sequences into protein sequences.

Endorphins and Met-enkephalin

Endorphins are neuropeptides that function as neurotransmitters and are involved in pain relief and pleasure. Met-enkephalin is a specific type of endorphin composed of five amino acids. Understanding the structure and function of Met-enkephalin helps in recognizing its role in the body's response to stress and pain.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'ACA|UCA|CGG|GUA3'

c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CGG to GGG. Is this likely to affect protein function?

556

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Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'ACA|UCA|CGG|GUA3'

f. What happens to the protein sequence if the A is removed from the beginning of the chain and the sequence changes to 5'CAU|CAC|GGG3'?

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Textbook Question

Provide the three-letter amino acid sequence expected from each of the following mRNA segments:

b. 5'UUU|CCC|UUU|CCC3'

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Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'

a. Write the amino acid sequence that would be produced from this mRNA.

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Textbook Question

A base substitution changes a codon for an enzyme from GCC to GCA. Why is there no change in the amino acid order in the protein?

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Textbook Question

A protein contains 35 amino acids. How many nucleotides would be found in the mRNA code for this protein?

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Textbook Question

Oxytocin is a small peptide hormone involved in the process of birthing and lactation. It contains the nine amino acids shown.

CYIQNCPLG

a. How many nucleotides would be found in the mRNA for this protein?

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Textbook Question

Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino-acid peptide hormone responsible for pigmentations in hair and skin. Its peptide sequence is shown.

SYSMQHFRWGKPV

a. How many nucleotides would be found in the mRNA for this protein?

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