Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

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1:10 minutes

Problem 39a

Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:
5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'
a. Write the amino acid sequence that would be produced from this mRNA.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The mRNA sequence provided is 5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'. Each group of three nucleotides (codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid based on the genetic code.

Step 2: Use the genetic code chart to decode each codon. Match each codon in the mRNA sequence to its corresponding amino acid. For example, CUU corresponds to Leucine (Leu), AAA corresponds to Lysine (Lys), CGA corresponds to Arginine (Arg), and GUU corresponds to Valine (Val).

Step 3: Write the amino acid sequence in the order the codons appear in the mRNA. The sequence will be Leu-Lys-Arg-Val.

Step 4: Remember that the mRNA sequence is read from the 5' to 3' direction, and the amino acids are synthesized in the same order.

Step 5: Verify your work by double-checking each codon against the genetic code chart to ensure the correct amino acid sequence is derived.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

mRNA Translation

mRNA translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA). Each set of three nucleotides, known as a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid. Understanding this process is crucial for determining the amino acid sequence encoded by the mRNA.

Codons and Amino Acids

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid during protein synthesis. The genetic code, which is nearly universal, maps each codon to its corresponding amino acid. For example, the codon 'CUU' codes for leucine, while 'AAA' codes for lysine.

5' to 3' Directionality

The 5' to 3' directionality of nucleic acids indicates the orientation of the nucleotide chain, which is crucial for both transcription and translation. In mRNA, the 5' end is where the ribosome binds to initiate translation, and the sequence is read in the 5' to 3' direction to assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'

e. What happens to the protein sequence if an A is added to the beginning of the chain and the sequence changes to 5'ACU|UAA|ACG|AGU3'?

421

views

Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'ACA|UCA|CGG|GUA3'

c. Write the amino acid sequence if a mutation changes CGG to GGG. Is this likely to affect protein function?

556

views

Textbook Question

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:

5'ACA|UCA|CGG|GUA3'

f. What happens to the protein sequence if the A is removed from the beginning of the chain and the sequence changes to 5'CAU|CAC|GGG3'?

454

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Textbook Question

Provide the three-letter amino acid sequence expected from each of the following mRNA segments:

b. 5'UUU|CCC|UUU|CCC3'

580

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Textbook Question

What is the one-letter amino acid sequence formed from the following mRNA that codes for a pentapeptide that is an endorphin called Met-enkephalin?

5'AUG|UAC|GGU|GGA|UUU|AUG|UAA3'

688

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Textbook Question

A base substitution changes a codon for an enzyme from GCC to GCA. Why is there no change in the amino acid order in the protein?

597

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Textbook Question

A protein contains 35 amino acids. How many nucleotides would be found in the mRNA code for this protein?

450

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Textbook Question

Oxytocin is a small peptide hormone involved in the process of birthing and lactation. It contains the nine amino acids shown.

CYIQNCPLG

a. How many nucleotides would be found in the mRNA for this protein?

542

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Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides: 5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3' a. Write the amino acid sequence that would be produced from this mRNA.

Key Concepts

mRNA Translation

Codons and Amino Acids

5' to 3' Directionality

Watch next

Consider the following portion of mRNA produced by the normal order of DNA nucleotides:
5'CUU|AAA|CGA|GUU3'
a. Write the amino acid sequence that would be produced from this mRNA.