Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes with Substituents

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Naming Alkanes with Substituents

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2:11 minutes

Problem 26a

Textbook Question

Draw the skeletal structure for each of the following compounds:
(a) 3-ethylhexane

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the parent chain: The name '3-ethylhexane' indicates that the parent chain is 'hexane,' which consists of six carbon atoms arranged in a straight chain.

Number the parent chain: Assign numbers to the carbon atoms in the hexane chain starting from the end closest to the substituent group (ethyl group). This ensures the substituent gets the lowest possible number.

Locate the substituent: The '3-ethyl' part of the name indicates that an ethyl group (-CH₂CH₃) is attached to the third carbon atom of the hexane chain.

Draw the skeletal structure: Represent the hexane chain as a zigzag line (each vertex represents a carbon atom). Attach the ethyl group to the third carbon atom as a branch extending from the main chain.

Verify the structure: Ensure the structure matches the name '3-ethylhexane,' with six carbons in the main chain and an ethyl group correctly positioned on the third carbon atom.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Skeletal Structures

Skeletal structures, also known as line-angle formulas, are simplified representations of organic molecules. In these diagrams, carbon atoms are represented by the ends and intersections of lines, while hydrogen atoms are typically omitted for clarity. This method allows chemists to visualize the connectivity and branching of carbon chains efficiently.

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides a set of rules to derive the name of a compound based on its structure, including the identification of the longest carbon chain and the position of substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately interpreting and drawing the structures of compounds like 3-ethylhexane.

Alkane Structure

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Recognizing the structure of alkanes is crucial for drawing their skeletal representations, as it helps in identifying the branching and substituents present in compounds like 3-ethylhexane.

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