Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

20. Carbohydrates

Intro to Carbohydrates

GOB Chemistry

20. Carbohydrates

Intro to Carbohydrates

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3:53 minutes

Problem 2

Textbook Question

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

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Understand that photosynthesis and respiration are complementary biochemical processes that occur in living organisms. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria, while respiration occurs in almost all living organisms.

Recognize that photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules. The overall equation for photosynthesis is:

6 {CO}_{2} + 6 H_{2} O + light → C 6_{H 12} O 6 + 6 O_{2}

Note that cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose molecules to release energy in the form of ATP. The overall equation for respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis:

C 6_{H 12} O 6 + 6 O_{2} → 6 {CO}_{2} + 6 H_{2} O + energy

Identify the relationship: Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are the reactants for respiration. Conversely, respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, which are the reactants for photosynthesis. This creates a cycle that supports life on Earth.

Conclude that photosynthesis and respiration are interconnected processes that maintain the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and they are essential for the flow of energy through ecosystems.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, specifically glucose, using carbon dioxide and water. This process occurs primarily in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves the pigment chlorophyll. The overall equation for photosynthesis can be summarized as: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which organisms convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and can be aerobic (requiring oxygen) or anaerobic (not requiring oxygen). The general equation for aerobic respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP).

The Carbon Cycle

The carbon cycle is the natural process through which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, land, water, and living organisms. Photosynthesis and respiration are key components of this cycle, as plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and release oxygen, while animals and other organisms take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide during respiration. This cyclical relationship helps maintain the balance of carbon in the ecosystem.

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Classify the four carbohydrates (a)–(d) by indicating the nature of the carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms present. For example, glucose is an aldohexose.

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Classify each of the following monosaccharides as an aldopentose, ketopentose, aldohexose, or ketohexose:

a. Psicose is present in low amounts in foods.

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Classify each of the following monosaccharides by the type of carbonyl group and the number of carbons (for example, a monosaccharide with an aldehyde and three carbons is an aldotriose).

(a)

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Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram. If a person eats 200 g per day of digestible carbohydrates, what percentage of a 2000 kcal daily diet would be digestible carbohydrate?

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What functional groups are found in all monosaccharides?

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Identify the monosaccharide that fits each of the following descriptions:

a. is also called blood sugar

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