Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ions and the Octet Rule (Simplified)

GOB Chemistry

2. Atoms and the Periodic Table

Ions and the Octet Rule (Simplified)

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1:24 minutes

Problem 93b

Textbook Question

What noble gas has the same electron arrangement as the magnesium ion?

Verified step by step guidance

Determine the electron configuration of a neutral magnesium (Mg) atom. Magnesium has an atomic number of 12, meaning it has 12 electrons. Its electron configuration is:

{1s}^{2} {2s}^{2} {2p}^{6} {3s}^{2}

Understand that a magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) is formed when magnesium loses two electrons. These two electrons are removed from the outermost shell, which is the 3s orbital.

Write the electron configuration for the Mg²⁺ ion after losing two electrons:

{1s}^{2} {2s}^{2} {2p}^{6}

. This configuration corresponds to a total of 10 electrons.

Identify the noble gas that has the same electron configuration as Mg²⁺. Noble gases are elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, and their electron configurations are fully filled shells. The noble gas with 10 electrons is neon (Ne).

Conclude that the magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) has the same electron arrangement as the noble gas neon (Ne).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Electron Configuration

Electron configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. For magnesium, which has an atomic number of 12, the electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s². When it loses two electrons to form a magnesium ion (Mg²⁺), its configuration changes to 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, resembling that of a noble gas.

Noble Gases

Noble gases are a group of elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, known for their full valence electron shells, which make them chemically inert. The noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. The noble gas that shares the same electron configuration as the magnesium ion is neon, which has an atomic number of 10 and an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶.

Ion Formation

Ion formation occurs when an atom gains or loses electrons, resulting in a charged particle. A magnesium atom can lose two electrons to form a Mg²⁺ ion, which has a positive charge. This process is crucial for understanding how elements interact and achieve stable electron configurations similar to those of noble gases.

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