Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

8. Gases, Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

GOB Chemistry

8. Gases, Liquids and Solids

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

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Problem 41e

Textbook Question

Match the following physical and chemical properties with potassium chloride, KCl, used in salt substitutes, or butane, C₄H₁₀ used in lighters:
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e. is a gas at room temperature

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the two substances in the problem: potassium chloride (KCl) and butane (C₄H₁₀). Potassium chloride is an ionic compound, while butane is a molecular compound.

Understand the physical state of each substance at room temperature (approximately 25°C): Ionic compounds like KCl are typically solids at room temperature due to strong ionic bonds. Molecular compounds like butane can exist as gases, liquids, or solids depending on their molecular structure and intermolecular forces.

Analyze the molecular structure of butane (C₄H₁₀): Butane is a hydrocarbon with weak London dispersion forces as its primary intermolecular force. Its low molecular weight and weak intermolecular forces make it a gas at room temperature.

Compare this to potassium chloride (KCl): KCl has strong ionic bonds between potassium (K⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions, which require significant energy to break. This makes KCl a solid at room temperature.

Conclude that the property 'is a gas at room temperature' matches butane (C₄H₁₀), not potassium chloride (KCl).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Physical Properties

Physical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity. Examples include state (solid, liquid, gas), color, melting point, and boiling point. Understanding these properties helps in identifying substances and predicting their behavior under different conditions.

Chemical Properties

Chemical properties describe how a substance interacts with other substances, leading to a change in its chemical composition. These properties include reactivity, acidity, and flammability. Recognizing these properties is essential for understanding how substances like potassium chloride and butane behave in various chemical reactions.

States of Matter

The states of matter refer to the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. The most common states are solid, liquid, and gas. For example, butane is a gas at room temperature, while potassium chloride is a solid. Knowing the state of a substance at a given temperature is crucial for applications in chemistry and industry.

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Match the following physical and chemical properties with potassium chloride, KCl, used in salt substitutes, or butane, C₄H₁₀ used in lighters: