Textbook Question
Match the following physical and chemical properties with potassium chloride, KCl, used in salt substitutes, or butane, C4H10 used in lighters:
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e. is a gas at room temperature
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8. Gases, Liquids and Solids
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties
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Which of the following should have the highest surface tension at a given temperature?
A
CH4
B
CF4
C
CCl4
D
CBr4
E
CI4
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that surface tension is influenced by intermolecular forces. Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher surface tension.
Recognize that the molecules listed are all tetrahalomethanes, with the central carbon atom bonded to four halogen atoms.
Consider the type of intermolecular forces present. These molecules are nonpolar, so they primarily exhibit London dispersion forces.
Recall that London dispersion forces increase with the size and mass of the molecule. Larger atoms have more electrons, which can lead to stronger temporary dipoles.
Compare the size and mass of the halogen atoms in each compound: Iodine (I) is larger and heavier than Bromine (Br), Chlorine (Cl), and Fluorine (F). Therefore, CI4, with iodine atoms, will have the strongest London dispersion forces and the highest surface tension.
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