Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amide Hydrolysis

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amide Hydrolysis

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0:54 minutes

Problem 45d

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the hydrolysis of each of the following amides with HCl:
d.

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Identify the functional group in the given amide. Amides are characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) directly bonded to a nitrogen atom (N).

Understand the hydrolysis reaction of an amide in the presence of HCl. Hydrolysis involves breaking the amide bond (C-N bond) using water, and in the presence of HCl, the products are a carboxylic acid and an ammonium salt.

Determine the structure of the carboxylic acid product. The carbonyl carbon of the amide becomes part of the carboxylic acid group (COOH) after hydrolysis.

Determine the structure of the ammonium salt product. The nitrogen atom from the amide reacts with HCl to form an ammonium ion (NH₄⁺ or a substituted ammonium ion, depending on the structure of the amide).

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for both the carboxylic acid and the ammonium salt products, ensuring that the correct number of hydrogens and bonds are represented based on the original amide structure.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrolysis of Amides

Hydrolysis of amides involves the reaction of an amide with water, often in the presence of an acid or base, to produce a carboxylic acid and an amine or ammonia. In this process, the carbonyl carbon of the amide is attacked by water, leading to the cleavage of the C-N bond and the formation of the respective products.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula provides a simplified representation of a molecule, showing the arrangement of atoms and the connectivity between them without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It is useful for visualizing the structure of organic compounds, allowing chemists to quickly understand the molecular framework and functional groups present.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, also known as the skeletal formula, is a shorthand representation of organic molecules where vertices represent carbon atoms and lines represent bonds. This method simplifies the drawing of complex structures by omitting hydrogen atoms attached to carbons, making it easier to visualize larger organic compounds and their connectivity.

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Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the hydrolysis of each of the following amides with HCl:d.

Key Concepts

Hydrolysis of Amides

Condensed Structural Formula

Line-Angle Formula

Watch next

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the hydrolysis of each of the following amides with HCl:
d.