Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amide Hydrolysis

GOB Chemistry

16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives

Amide Hydrolysis

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2:07 minutes

Problem 46a

Textbook Question

Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the hydrolysis of each of the following amides with NaOH:
a.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the functional group in the amide structure. Amides consist of a carbonyl group (C=O) directly bonded to a nitrogen atom (N). Hydrolysis of an amide involves breaking the bond between the carbonyl carbon and the nitrogen atom.

Understand the reaction conditions. Hydrolysis with NaOH (a strong base) results in the formation of a carboxylate ion (R-COO⁻) and an amine (R'-NH₂ or R'-NH depending on the structure of the amide).

Determine the products of the reaction. The carbonyl carbon of the amide will form a carboxylate ion (R-COO⁻) due to the reaction with NaOH, while the nitrogen-containing group will form an amine (R'-NH₂ or R'-NH).

Draw the condensed structural formula or line-angle formula for the carboxylate ion. Replace the amide's nitrogen group with an -OH group, and then deprotonate the -OH group to form the carboxylate ion (R-COO⁻).

Draw the condensed structural formula or line-angle formula for the amine. The nitrogen group from the amide will gain a hydrogen atom to form the corresponding amine (R'-NH₂ or R'-NH). Ensure the structures are clear and follow the rules of chemical representation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrolysis of Amides

Hydrolysis of amides involves the reaction of an amide with water, often in the presence of a base like NaOH. This process breaks the amide bond, resulting in the formation of a carboxylic acid and an amine or ammonia. Understanding this reaction is crucial for predicting the products and drawing their structures.

Condensed Structural Formula

A condensed structural formula provides a simplified representation of a molecule, showing the arrangement of atoms without depicting all the bonds explicitly. It is useful for visualizing the molecular structure and understanding the connectivity of atoms in the products formed from hydrolysis.

Line-Angle Formula

The line-angle formula, or skeletal structure, is a shorthand way of drawing organic molecules where vertices represent carbon atoms and lines represent bonds. This method simplifies the representation of complex molecules, making it easier to visualize the structure of the products resulting from the hydrolysis of amides.

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Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the hydrolysis of each of the following amides with NaOH:a.

Key Concepts

Hydrolysis of Amides

Condensed Structural Formula

Line-Angle Formula

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Draw the condensed structural or line-angle formulas for the products from the hydrolysis of each of the following amides with NaOH:
a.