Textbook Question
Complete the following statements:
b. The elements in Group 7A (17) are called the _____.
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Ch.4 Atoms and Elements
Timberlake14thChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives19
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy53
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements58
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions38
- Ch.8 Gases30
- Ch.9 Solutions50
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium64
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons77
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones82
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides91
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis86
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production73
Timberlake14thChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9781292472249Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 4, Problem 98a
Which of the following molecules will produce the most ATP per mole?
a. glucose or stearic acid (C18)
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the context of ATP production. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency in cells, and its production depends on the oxidation of molecules during cellular respiration. Larger molecules with more carbon atoms typically yield more ATP because they undergo more cycles of oxidation.
Step 2: Compare the molecular structures of glucose and stearic acid (C18). Glucose (C6H12O6) is a carbohydrate with six carbon atoms, while stearic acid (C18H36O2) is a fatty acid with eighteen carbon atoms.
Step 3: Analyze the metabolic pathways. Glucose undergoes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, producing ATP. Stearic acid undergoes beta-oxidation, which breaks it into acetyl-CoA units that enter the citric acid cycle, producing significantly more ATP due to its larger number of carbon atoms.
Step 4: Consider the energy yield per mole. Each acetyl-CoA unit generated from beta-oxidation of stearic acid contributes to ATP production, and since stearic acid has 18 carbons, it produces more acetyl-CoA units compared to glucose, which has only 6 carbons.
Step 5: Conclude that stearic acid (C18) will produce the most ATP per mole because it has more carbon atoms and undergoes more cycles of oxidation, yielding a higher total ATP production compared to glucose.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert nutrients into energy, primarily in the form of ATP. It involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Different substrates yield varying amounts of ATP; for instance, fats generally produce more ATP than carbohydrates due to their higher energy content.
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Anaerobic Respiration Concept 1
Fatty Acid Oxidation
Fatty acid oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle. Stearic acid (C18) undergoes beta-oxidation, producing more acetyl-CoA and subsequently more ATP than glucose, which is a carbohydrate and yields less energy per mole.
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ATP Yield Comparison
The ATP yield comparison between different molecules is crucial for understanding energy production. Glucose typically yields about 30-32 ATP molecules per mole, while stearic acid can yield approximately 120 ATP molecules per mole due to its longer carbon chain and higher number of electrons available for oxidation, making it a more energy-dense substrate.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Complete the following statements:
c. Elements that are shiny and conduct heat are called _____.
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Textbook Question
Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false:
c. The atomic mass unit is based on a carbon atom with six protons and six neutrons.
869
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Textbook Question
Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false:
d. The proton and the electron have about the same mass.
1021
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Textbook Question
Write the name and symbol of the element with the following atomic number:
h. 92
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