Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Isomers

GOB Chemistry

13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Isomers

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1:50 minutes

Problem 73

Textbook Question

The structure of vitamin A is shown in Problem 4.54. Is the double bond nearest the ring on the carbon chain cis or trans?

Verified step by step guidance

Examine the structure of vitamin A provided in Problem 4.54, focusing on the double bond nearest the ring on the carbon chain.

Identify the two groups attached to each carbon atom of the double bond. Recall that a double bond consists of two carbon atoms, each bonded to two other groups.

Determine the spatial arrangement of the groups around the double bond. In a cis configuration, the two larger or similar groups on each carbon are on the same side of the double bond. In a trans configuration, they are on opposite sides.

Compare the positions of the groups attached to the double bond nearest the ring. Look for whether the groups are aligned on the same side (cis) or opposite sides (trans).

Conclude whether the double bond nearest the ring is cis or trans based on the spatial arrangement of the groups identified in the previous step.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cis-Trans Isomerism

Cis-trans isomerism refers to the geometric configuration of molecules with restricted rotation around a double bond. In cis isomers, substituents are on the same side of the double bond, while in trans isomers, they are on opposite sides. This distinction can significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of the compound.

Structure of Vitamin A

Vitamin A, also known as retinol, has a complex structure that includes a long carbon chain and a cyclic component. Understanding its structure is crucial for identifying the configuration of double bonds within the molecule. The arrangement of atoms and functional groups influences its biological activity and interactions.

Double Bond Configuration

The configuration of a double bond in organic chemistry can be classified as either cis or trans based on the relative positions of the substituents attached to the carbon atoms involved in the double bond. Identifying this configuration is essential for predicting the behavior and reactivity of the molecule, particularly in biological systems.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following is the cis or the trans stereoisomer:

(c)

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Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following is the cis or the trans stereoisomer:

(b)

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Textbook Question

Are the following compounds structural isomers, cis–trans isomers, or enantiomers?

(c)

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Textbook Question

For each pair of molecules, identify the pair as:

A. structural isomers.

B. the same molecule (conformational isomers).

C. cis–trans stereoisomers.

D. different molecules.

(b)

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Textbook Question

The vision process in animals involves the change of one double bond in retinal from its cis form to its trans form. The structures of cis and trans retinal are shown below. Label which is cis and which is trans.

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Multiple Choice

Draw a constitutional isomer of butane.

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Multiple Choice

Draw all structural isomers for C₃H₈O.

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Multiple Choice

Provide a cis isomer for the following compound.