Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Functional Groups in Chemistry

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Functional Groups in Chemistry

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1:36 minutes

Problem 53a

Textbook Question

Identify all of the functional groups in each of the following molecules:
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the concept of functional groups. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), and others.

Step 2: Analyze the structure of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is a molecule with a specific arrangement of atoms, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. You will need to identify the functional groups present in this structure.

Step 3: Look for the carboxyl group (-COOH). This group is typically found in organic acids and is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group.

Step 4: Identify the amino group (-NH2). This group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and is commonly found in amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds.

Step 5: Confirm the presence of any other functional groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) or alkyl groups, by carefully examining the molecular structure of GABA. Ensure that you account for all functional groups present in the molecule.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), and more, each imparting unique chemical behavior.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter in the brain that plays a crucial role in reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. It is derived from glutamate and contains both an amino group and a carboxylic acid group, making it an important molecule in the study of neurochemistry and pharmacology.

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, including the types of bonds and the spatial orientation of the functional groups. Understanding the molecular structure of compounds like GABA is essential for identifying functional groups and predicting the molecule's behavior in biological systems.

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