Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Functional Groups in Chemistry

GOB Chemistry

12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Functional Groups in Chemistry

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2:47 minutes

Problem 19a

Textbook Question

Identify all the functional groups present in the following:
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by identifying the structure of Benzocaine. Benzocaine is an organic compound with a benzene ring attached to an ester functional group and an amine group. Visualize or refer to the chemical structure provided in the image.

Step 2: Identify the benzene ring. The benzene ring is a cyclic structure consisting of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds. This is classified as an aromatic functional group.

Step 3: Locate the ester functional group. An ester group is characterized by the presence of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (

C = O

) and single-bonded to another oxygen atom (

O

) that is connected to a carbon chain or hydrogen.

Step 4: Identify the amine functional group. An amine group contains a nitrogen atom (

N

) bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups. In Benzocaine, the nitrogen is bonded to a hydrogen atom and a carbon chain.

Step 5: Summarize the functional groups present in Benzocaine. Based on the analysis, Benzocaine contains three functional groups: an aromatic benzene ring, an ester group, and an amine group.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amine (-NH2), each imparting unique chemical behavior.

Benzocaine Structure

Benzocaine is an ester of para-aminobenzoic acid and is commonly used as a local anesthetic. Its structure includes an aromatic ring, an ester group, and an amine group. Understanding its molecular structure is essential for identifying the functional groups present and predicting its chemical behavior.

Chemical Properties of Esters

Esters are organic compounds formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. They typically have distinctive odors and are used in flavorings and fragrances. In the context of benzocaine, the ester functional group influences its solubility and reactivity, which are important for its effectiveness as a topical anesthetic.